KEGG   PATHWAY: hmh04140
Entry
hmh04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
hmh04140  Autophagy - animal
hmh04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon) [GN:hmh]
Gene
116456139  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
116456560  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
116457469  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116457644  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
116457645  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
116457650  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
116457897  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
116457903  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116458112  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
116458418  PRKACG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116458510  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
116458727  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
116459009  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K08509]
116459062  [KO:K10435]
116459116  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
116459126  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116459242  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
116459322  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
116459342  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X5 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116460223  [KO:K02977]
116460384  [KO:K02977]
116460769  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116461155  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
116461353  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
116461483  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
116461498  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
116461657  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
116461696  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
116461710  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116461729  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116462105  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116462500  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
116462653  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
116462749  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
116463128  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116463324  [KO:K08341]
116463548  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
116463648  [KO:K08341]
116464184  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
116465389  [KO:K22991]
116466571  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X3 [KO:K02833]
116466681  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
116466705  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116466740  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
116466754  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116466799  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
116466953  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
116467075  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
116467106  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
116467536  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
116467557  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
116467792  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
116468493  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
116468590  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
116468949  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
116468972  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
116469076  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116469160  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
116469568  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
116469716  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
116469793  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
116469815  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
116469844  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116470194  [KO:K21248]
116470222  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116470420  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
116470731  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
116470809  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
116470919  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X2 [KO:K08336]
116471041  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
116471084  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
116471270  [KO:K02927]
116471508  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
116471948  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
116471970  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
116472387  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
116472669  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
116472788  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
116472979  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
116473104  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
116473376  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116473649  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
116473814  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
116474404  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
116474442  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116474452  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
116474497  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
116474683  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X6 [KO:K21348]
116474889  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
116474908  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
116474984  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
116475122  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
116475210  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116475211  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
116475268  [KO:K17908]
116475329  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
116475790  [KO:K02977]
116475805  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
116476294  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
116476298  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
116476347  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
116476491  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
116476652  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
116476706  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
116476996  [KO:K08516]
116477042  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20179]
116477673  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116477709  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K02927]
116477767  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
116477793  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
116478173  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K16184]
116478211  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
116478453  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116478588  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
116478633  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
116478691  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
116478712  UBA52; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein [KO:K02927]
116479655  [KO:K10435]
116480009  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
116480549  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X5 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
116480683  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116480802  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
116481186  [KO:K02977]
116481263  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116481678  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21250]
116481909  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
116481957  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
116482110  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X4 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
116482160  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116482295  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116482430  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116482518  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
116483081  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116483180  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116483190  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
116483317  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116483505  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
116483548  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116483631  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
116483669  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116483828  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
116483923  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
116484034  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
116484088  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
116484246  [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
116484631  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
116484782  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17603]
116484834  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
116484892  [KO:K02927]
116485139  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116485158  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
116810051  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
116810145  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
116810271  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
116810462  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
116810674  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
116810749  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
116810832  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
116811235  [KO:K21245]
116811270  SUPT20HL2; putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
116811370  [KO:K17908]
116811678  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
116811723  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X2 [KO:K16185]
116811760  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
116811946  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116811948  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
116812007  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
116812141  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
116812489  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
116812530  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
116812740  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
116812889  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
116812918  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
116813298  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
116813549  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
116814163  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
116814342  [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116814536  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
116814554  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
hmh04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hmh04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
hmh04142  Lysosome
hmh04150  mTOR signaling pathway
hmh04152  AMPK signaling pathway
hmh04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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