KEGG   PATHWAY: mcep04140
Entry
mcep04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Mugil cephalus (flathead mullet)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
mcep04140  Autophagy - animal
mcep04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Mugil cephalus (flathead mullet) [GN:mcep]
Gene
124995585  sh3glb1a; endophilin-B1a [KO:K11248]
124995726  [KO:K26797]
124995778  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
124996387  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
124996543  zgc:73226; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
124996581  [KO:K08512]
124996605  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
124996617  [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
124996632  ulk1b; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124996844  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
124996983  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
124997018  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
124997039  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
124997478  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
124997541  zgc:55558; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
124997569  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
124997632  akt1s1; uncharacterized protein akt1s1 [KO:K16184]
124997697  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
124997841  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
124997973  nbr1b; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
124997994  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
124998067  napsa; napsin-A [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
124998290  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
124998329  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
124998489  rraS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
124998491  smcr8a; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a [KO:K23611]
124998774  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
124998932  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
124998952  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
124999107  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase A isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124999139  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
124999405  [KO:K08488]
124999414  [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
124999889  optN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
124999967  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125000296  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
125000743  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
125000777  [KO:K07187]
125000843  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
125001164  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
125003436  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125004033  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
125004079  [KO:K07874]
125004103  [KO:K07920]
125004162  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
125004237  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125004240  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
125004435  smcr8b; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8b [KO:K23611]
125004613  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125004684  atg4da; cysteine protease atg4da [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
125004921  [KO:K21247]
125005122  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
125005231  dapk2a; death-associated protein kinase 2a [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125005277  igf1rb; insulin-like growth factor 1b receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
125005310  lamp1a; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1a [KO:K06528]
125005365  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
125005695  [KO:K08341]
125005753  ctsD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
125005924  ctsba; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
125006180  mtoR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125006240  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
125006281  prkcda; protein kinase C, delta A [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125006285  [KO:K04958]
125006290  rab39bb; RAB39B, member RAS oncogene family B [KO:K07925]
125006431  si:dkey-13a21.4; ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
125006492  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
125006633  [KO:K07897]
125006775  [KO:K07897]
125006978  rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 [KO:K07208]
125007017  si:dkeyp-97e7.9; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
125007152  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
125007204  [KO:K04958]
125007337  [KO:K04570]
125007811  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
125008118  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
125008186  map1lc3cl; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
125008213  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
125008468  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125008489  rab33ba; RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family A [KO:K07920]
125008592  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
125008712  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125008716  insB; preproinsulin B [KO:K04526]
125008867  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
125008931  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125009165  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
125009281  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) [KO:K02649]
125009384  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125009450  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
125009454  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125009506  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
125009526  [KO:K07901]
125009744  [KO:K02649]
125009947  cts12; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125010020  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
125010302  [KO:K26797]
125010315  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
125010352  rheB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
125010363  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125010395  gorasp1a; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1A [KO:K26797]
125010408  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
125010445  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
125010535  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125010560  [KO:K07187]
125010654  map2k2b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125010793  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125011199  [KO:K02649]
125011251  atg9b; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
125011340  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125011422  rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
125011441  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
125011644  ulk1a; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1a isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125011713  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
125011809  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125011875  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
125012057  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
125012092  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125012106  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125012282  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
125012299  vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08512]
125012374  tsc1a; TSC complex subunit 1a isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
125012558  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
125012714  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
125012779  [KO:K02649]
125012809  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125012876  badB; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
125013129  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
125013331  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125013336  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125013339  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125013427  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125013444  hif1al; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, like isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
125013716  [KO:K16172]
125013744  atg16l1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
125014049  hmgb1b; high mobility group protein B1b [KO:K10802]
125014100  [KO:K17603]
125014121  [KO:K20868]
125014422  igf1ra; insulin-like growth factor 1a receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
125014534  dapk2b; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125014660  kraS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
125014878  ambra1b; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1B [KO:K17985]
125014935  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
125015016  [KO:K02833]
125015087  [KO:K08341]
125015166  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125016125  tax1bp1b; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
125016284  zgc:92606; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
125016322  stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
125016398  rragca; ras-related GTP binding Ca [KO:K16186]
125016504  atg5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
125016734  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
125017040  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
125017097  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125017234  [KO:K04724]
125017256  [KO:K21247]
125017324  lamp1b; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1b [KO:K06528]
125017532  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
125017588  [KO:K26797]
125017617  mrasa; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
125017970  zgc:101559; ras-related protein Rab-33B-like isoform X1 [KO:K07920]
125018173  tanK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
125018520  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
125018547  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125018562  [KO:K07874]
125018694  bnip4; BCL2 interacting protein 4 [KO:K15464]
125018803  [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
125018904  [KO:K08270]
125019044  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
125019166  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125019343  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125019595  rragcb; ras-related GTP binding Cb [KO:K16186]
125019671  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125019682  [KO:K08341]
125020050  rab42a; ras-related protein Rab-42a [KO:K07925]
125020061  tax1bp1a; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog A [KO:K21347]
125020826  ubb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
125020875  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125021002  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
125021007  [KO:K16172]
125021075  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
125021077  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
125021079  rps6kb1a; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125021226  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
125021355  hmgb1a; high mobility group protein B1a [KO:K10802]
125021377  supt20; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
125021410  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
125021629  ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
125021696  [KO:K21248]
125021743  rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
125021955  [KO:K17908]
125022104  ptenb; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
125022122  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125022179  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
125022187  nbr1a; NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor a isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
125022245  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125022276  becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
125022293  epas1a; endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K08268]
125022454  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
125022465  [KO:K21348]
125022509  nrbf2b; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2b isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
125022701  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
125022850  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 [KO:K08266]
125023141  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
125023245  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
125023263  hif1aa; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha A [KO:K08268]
125023373  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125023675  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125023715  [KO:K11248]
125023797  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125023926  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
125023968  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
125023991  ctsl.1; cathepsin L.1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125024098  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
125024202  [KO:K17603]
125024403  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
mcep04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mcep04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mcep04142  Lysosome
mcep04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mcep04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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