KEGG   PATHWAY: mlk04140
Entry
mlk04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Mustela lutreola (European mink)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
mlk04140  Autophagy - animal
mlk04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Mustela lutreola (European mink) [GN:mlk]
Gene
131817733  INS; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
131835676  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
131827381  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
131813562  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
131820117  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17445]
131821025  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
131809015  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
131824589  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
131824847  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
131823754  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
131832309  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
131810162  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
131819765  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131837056  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131815063  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131817507  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131828969  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
131828977  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN-like isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
131828978  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN-like [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
131829020  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN-like [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
131818337  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
131838926  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
131810307  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
131810524  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
131824584  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
131817465  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
131809574  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
131824239  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131835957  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
131823312  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
131811758  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
131820131  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
131836655  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
131828848  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
131819373  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
131812183  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
131830529  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
131829961  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
131816256  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
131826455  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
131810411  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131818026  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
131819135  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
131816533  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131816894  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131821273  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
131820528  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
131811225  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131817041  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131812082  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
131838739  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
131826840  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
131836963  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
131815013  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
131819416  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
131816133  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
131821144  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
131815701  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
131827426  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
131829937  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
131813449  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
131822075  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
131822134  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
131822135  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
131816748  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
131832381  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
131812376  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
131823691  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
131821721  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
131832651  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
131839098  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
131827173  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
131840211  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
131812232  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
131821257  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
131833606  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
131810282  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
131823185  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131808931  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
131831692  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
131823635  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
131808844  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
131824034  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
131828723  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
131831160  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
131832665  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
131811845  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
131807889  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
131814653  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
131815214  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
131816325  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
131828915  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
131824530  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131811092  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
131836601  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
131812046  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
131811444  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
131807809  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
131815837  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
131813228  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
131840527  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
131808823  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
131824653  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
131811889  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
131833596  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
131816957  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
131824160  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
131835910  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131812671  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131823306  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131819285  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
131814077  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
131830502  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
131840420  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131836099  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
131836705  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
131811565  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
131815595  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
131824191  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
131836907  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
131832603  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
131833557  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
131827318  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
131807753  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
131824226  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
131832422  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
131828077  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
131832326  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
131825135  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
131827577  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
131827594  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
131838071  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
131839055  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
131818699  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
131815738  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
131818770  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
131814292  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
131807814  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
131827238  ATG4B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
131820790  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
131823524  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
131809260  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
131816812  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
131838279  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
131815783  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
131829551  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
131831115  ANXA2R; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: annexin-2 receptor [KO:K21347]
131831306  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
131808360  ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein-like [KO:K02927]
131823779  UBA52; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein [KO:K02927]
131831398  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
131840139  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
131824124  ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein-like [KO:K02977]
131820378  polyubiquitin [KO:K04551]
131816412  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
131811338  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
131811611  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
131840393  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
131820302  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6-like [KO:K08516]
131807358  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6-like [KO:K08516]
131829201  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
131833789  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
131811876  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
131816840  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
131836915  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
131807966  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
131836130  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
131811908  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
131836161  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
131829125  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
131840550  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
131827107  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
131824356  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
131809539  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2-like [KO:K26797]
131824289  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
131814840  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
131821138  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
131814125  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
131817810  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
131812148  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
131812454  procathepsin L-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
131812673  procathepsin L-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
131812746  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
131812843  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
131833738  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
mlk04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mlk04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mlk04142  Lysosome
mlk04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mlk04152  AMPK signaling pathway
mlk04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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