KEGG   PATHWAY: npo04976
Entry
npo04976                    Pathway                                
Name
Bile secretion - Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
Description
Bile is a vital secretion, essential for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Moreover, bile is an important route of elimination for excess cholesterol and many waste product, bilirubin, drugs and toxic compounds. Bile secretion depends on the function of membrane transport systems in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and on the structural and functional integrity of the biliary tree. The hepatocytes generate the so-called primary bile in their canaliculi. Cholangiocytes modify the canalicular bile by secretory and reabsorptive processes as bile passes through the bile ducts. The main solutes in bile are bile acids, which stimulate bile secretion osmotically, as well as facilitate the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids by their detergent properties. Bile acids are also important signalling molecules. Through the activation of nuclear receptors, they regulate their own synthesis and transport rates.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
npo04976  Bile secretion
npo04976

Other DBs
GO: 0032782
Organism
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [GN:npo]
Gene
129508629  EPHX1; epoxide hydrolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01253] [EC:3.3.2.9]
129505573  SLCO1A2; solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 [KO:K03460]
129505572  SLCO1B3; solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 [KO:K05043]
129496049  SLC10A1; hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter [KO:K14341]
129513103  SLC22A7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: solute carrier family 22 member 7 [KO:K08204]
129503090  SLC22A8; organic anion transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08205]
129500434  SLC22A1; solute carrier family 22 member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08198]
129503361  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-like [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
129507793  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-like [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
129521048  HMGCR; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
129507552  SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13885]
129521725  LDLR; low-density lipoprotein receptor [KO:K12473]
129498949  NCEH1; neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14349] [EC:3.1.1.-]
129505321  cytochrome P450 7A1 [KO:K00489] [EC:1.14.14.23]
129516982  NR1H4; bile acid receptor isoform X1 [KO:K08537]
129510105  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08524]
129513799  NR0B2; nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 [KO:K08563]
129493696  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129493697  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129493754  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129503300  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129503302  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129503303  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129506279  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129506322  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129523177  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129523178  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129523179  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129523180  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129516185  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129521338  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
129500979  SLC27A5; long-chain fatty acid transport protein 5 [KO:K08748] [EC:6.2.1.7]
129494523  bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase-like [KO:K00659] [EC:2.3.1.65 3.1.2.2]
129494875  acyl-coenzyme A amino acid N-acyltransferase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K00659] [EC:2.3.1.65 3.1.2.2]
129506367  AQP9; aquaporin-9 [KO:K09877]
129519171  AQP8; aquaporin-8 [KO:K09869]
129511831  ABCG5; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 [KO:K05683]
129511284  ABCG8; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 [KO:K05684]
129498922  ABCB11; bile salt export pump isoform X1 [KO:K05664]
129523108  ABCC2; ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 [KO:K05666]
129501876  ABCG2; broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 [KO:K05681]
129518109  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2-like [KO:K05681]
129495793  CA2; carbonic anhydrase 2 [KO:K18245] [EC:4.2.1.1]
129516032  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
129498291  ABCB1; ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 isoform X1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
129498288  ABCB4; phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 isoform X1 [KO:K05659] [EC:7.6.2.2]
129513730  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
129501335  SLC4A5; electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 4 [KO:K13857]
129517279  ABCC3; ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 [KO:K05667]
129516678  ABCC4; ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05673]
129503827  SLC51A; organic solute transporter subunit alpha [KO:K14360]
129506382  SLC51B; organic solute transporter subunit beta [KO:K14361]
129495296  KCNN2; small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2 [KO:K04943]
129500869  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
129501310  ATP1A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
129515147  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
129515238  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
129508607  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
129496654  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
129507194  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
129517508  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
129494399  SCT; secretin [KO:K05263]
129503926  SCTR; secretin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04588]
129497792  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129497848  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
129512833  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129515724  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129516202  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129498939  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129510932  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129499511  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129503910  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129517234  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129513386  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129502672  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519450  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519960  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129521768  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129502846  CFTR; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [KO:K05031] [EC:5.6.1.6]
129503298  SLC4A4; electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13575]
129509036  AQP4; aquaporin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K09866]
129502848  AQP1; aquaporin-1 [KO:K09864]
129516649  SLC10A2; ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter [KO:K14342]
129508385  SLC5A1; sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 [KO:K14158]
129498355  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
129520456  SLC2A1; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 [KO:K07299]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00051  Glutathione
C00080  H+
C00114  Choline
C00187  Cholesterol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00315  Spermidine
C00318  L-Carnitine
C00366  Urate
C00486  Bilirubin
C00504  Folate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00695  Cholic acid
C00698  Cl-
C00735  Cortisol
C00750  Spermine
C00780  Serotonin
C00805  Salicylate
C00865  Phospholipid
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01405  Aspirin
C01443  Ouabain
C01576  Etoposide
C01829  Thyroxine
C01844  Pravastatin
C01921  Glycocholate
C01937  Methotrexate
C01996  Acetylcholine
C02165  Leukotriene B4
C02166  Leukotriene C4
C02380  6-Mercaptopurine
C02465  Triiodothyronine
C02528  Chenodeoxycholate
C02530  Cholesterol ester
C02538  Estrone 3-sulfate
C02918  1-Methylnicotinamide
C03033  beta-D-Glucuronoside
C03642  Taurolithocholate sulfate
C03758  Dopamine
C03990  Lithocholic acid
C04483  Deoxycholic acid
C04555  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
C05122  Taurocholate
C05371  Microcystin LR
C05465  Taurochenodeoxycholate
C05466  Glycochenodeoxycholate
C05503  Estradiol-17beta 3-glucuronide
C05551  Penicillin G
C05963  Thromboxane B2
C06526  Quinine
C06570  Tetracycline
C06688  Rifampicin
C06804  Acetaminophen
C06810  Aciclovir
C06880  Cefazolin
C06890  Ceftizoxime
C06956  Digoxin
C06999  Fexofenadine
C07014  Fluvastatin
C07051  Indinavir
C07065  Lamivudine
C07151  Metformin
C07184  Valacyclovir
C07185  Valproic acid
C07201  Vinblastine
C07207  Zalcitabine
C07210  Zidovudine
C07240  Ritonavir
C07394  Paclitaxel
C07512  Tetraethylammonium
C07649  5-FU
C07660  Levofloxacin
C07966  Cerivastatin
C08357  Estradiol-17beta 3-sulfate
C08439  Phalloidin
C09955  Ochratoxin A
C11158  Topotecan
C11231  Docetaxel anhydrous
C11245  Glucuronosyletoposide
C11277  Adefovir
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C11363  Sulfobromophthalein
C11587  BQ 123
C11754  Cephaloridine
C12560  Saquinavir mesylate
C16114  Cholecystokinin-8
C16578  Morphine-6-glucuronide
C16643  Morphine-3-glucuronide
D00125  Etoposide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00140  Erythromycin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00142  Methotrexate (JP18/USP/INN)
D00184  Cyclosporine (USP)
D00186  Ciprofloxacin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00201  Tetracycline (JAN/USP/INN)
D00214  Dactinomycin (USP)
D00224  Allopurinol (JP18/USP/INN)
D00240  Aztreonam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00247  Bumetanide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00295  Cimetidine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00298  Digoxin (JP18/USP)
D00318  Famotidine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00331  Furosemide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00333  Ganciclovir (JAN/USP/INN)
D00340  Hydrochlorothiazide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00353  Lamivudine (JAN/USP/INN)
D00359  Lovastatin (USP/INN)
D00400  Valsartan (JP18/USP/INN)
D00422  Ranitidine (USAN/INN)
D00427  Ritonavir (JAN/USP/INN)
D00429  Saquinavir (JAN/USP/INN)
D00439  Nitrofurantoin (JAN/USP/INN)
D00453  Ofloxacin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00456  Ondansetron (JAN/USP/INN)
D00491  Paclitaxel (JAN/USP/INN)
D00512  Phenytoin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00521  Terfenadine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00570  Colchicine (JP18/USP)
D00590  Sparfloxacin (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00767  Vecuronium bromide (JAN/USP/INN)
D00804  Ivermectin (JAN/USP/INN)
D01061  Irinotecan hydrochloride (USP)
D01264  Daunorubicin hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D01275  Doxorubicin hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D01421  Aminohippurate sodium (USP)
D01745  Domperidone (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01862  Pitavastatin calcium (JAN)
D02115  Methotrexate sodium
D02166  Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D02214  Epirubicin hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D02216  Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (USP)
D02356  Verapamil (USAN/INN)
D03130  Bisantrene hydrochloride (USAN)
D03833  Indinavir (USAN)
D03899  Doxorubicin (USAN/INN)
D04931  Mercaptopurine (INN)
D05246  Olmesartan (USAN/INN)
D06050  Technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin (USP)
D06074  Tenofovir (USAN)
D07448  Amitriptyline (INN)
D07538  Bosentan (INN)
D07626  Caspofungin (INN)
D07661  Cerivastatin (INN)
D07776  Daunorubicin (INN)
D07845  Diltiazem (INN)
D07866  Docetaxel (JAN/INN)
D07901  Epirubicin (INN)
D07907  Erlotinib (INN)
D07958  Fexofenadine (INN)
D07986  Folinic acid (BAN)
D07987  Folinic acid calcium salt pentahydrate
D08066  Imatinib (INN)
D08086  Irinotecan (INN)
D08108  Lapatinib (INN)
D08144  Loperamide (INN)
D08146  Losartan (INN)
D08224  Mitoxantrone (INN)
D08259  Nelfinavir (INN)
D08291  Ofloxacin hydrochloride
D08306  Oseltamivir (INN)
D08411  Prazosin (INN)
D08458  Quinidine (BAN)
D08492  Rosuvastatin (INN)
D08618  Topotecan (BAN)
D08675  Vinblastine (INN)
D08679  Vincristine (INN)
Reference
PMID:11826283
  Authors
Meier PJ, Stieger B
  Title
Bile salt transporters.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 64:635-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.082201.100300
Reference
PMID:10728790
  Authors
Kullak-Ublick GA, Beuers U, Paumgartner G
  Title
Hepatobiliary transport.
  Journal
J Hepatol 32:3-18 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80411-0
Reference
PMID:18668439
  Authors
Kosters A, Karpen SJ
  Title
Bile acid transporters in health and disease.
  Journal
Xenobiotica 38:1043-71 (2008)
DOI:10.1080/00498250802040584
Reference
PMID:14999673
  Authors
Anwer MS
  Title
Cellular regulation of hepatic bile acid transport in health and cholestasis.
  Journal
Hepatology 39:581-90 (2004)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20090
Reference
PMID:17404808
  Authors
Alrefai WA, Gill RK
  Title
Bile acid transporters: structure, function, regulation and pathophysiological implications.
  Journal
Pharm Res 24:1803-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-007-9289-1
Reference
PMID:12663868
  Authors
Trauner M, Boyer JL
  Title
Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 83:633-71 (2003)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00027.2002
Reference
PMID:20103563
  Authors
Klaassen CD, Aleksunes LM
  Title
Xenobiotic, bile acid, and cholesterol transporters: function and regulation.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 62:1-96 (2010)
DOI:10.1124/pr.109.002014
Reference
PMID:15758646
  Authors
Trauner M, Wagner M, Fickert P, Zollner G
  Title
Molecular regulation of hepatobiliary transport systems: clinical implications for understanding and treating cholestasis.
  Journal
J Clin Gastroenterol 39:S111-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1097/01.mcg.0000155551.37266.26
Reference
PMID:14659471
  Authors
Arrese M, Trauner M
  Title
Molecular aspects of bile formation and cholestasis.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 9:558-64 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2003.10.002
Reference
PMID:18837079
  Authors
Esteller A
  Title
Physiology of bile secretion.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 14:5641-9 (2008)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.5641
Reference
PMID:12483266
  Authors
Takikawa H
  Title
Hepatobiliary transport of bile acids and organic anions.
  Journal
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9:443-7 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s005340200055
Reference
PMID:11316487
  Authors
St-Pierre MV, Kullak-Ublick GA, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ
  Title
Transport of bile acids in hepatic and non-hepatic tissues.
  Journal
J Exp Biol 204:1673-86 (2001)
Reference
PMID:18670431
  Authors
Thomas C, Pellicciari R, Pruzanski M, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K
  Title
Targeting bile-acid signalling for metabolic diseases.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:678-93 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2619
Reference
PMID:15975683
  Authors
Pauli-Magnus C, Stieger B, Meier Y, Kullak-Ublick GA, Meier PJ
  Title
Enterohepatic transport of bile salts and genetics of cholestasis.
  Journal
J Hepatol 43:342-57 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.03.017
Reference
PMID:18081658
  Authors
Pellicoro A, Faber KN
  Title
Review article: The function and regulation of proteins involved in bile salt biosynthesis and transport.
  Journal
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26 Suppl 2:149-60 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03522.x
Reference
PMID:19482594
  Authors
Jonker JW, Stedman CA, Liddle C, Downes M
  Title
Hepatobiliary ABC transporters: physiology, regulation and implications for disease.
  Journal
Front Biosci 14:4904-20 (2009)
DOI:10.2741/3576
Reference
PMID:19273385
  Authors
Modica S, Bellafante E, Moschetta A
  Title
Master regulation of bile acid and xenobiotic metabolism via the FXR, PXR and CAR trio.
  Journal
Front Biosci 14:4719-45 (2009)
DOI:10.2741/3563
Reference
PMID:16706681
  Authors
Cai SY, Boyer JL
  Title
FXR: a target for cholestatic syndromes?
  Journal
Expert Opin Ther Targets 10:409-21 (2006)
DOI:10.1517/14728222.10.3.409
Reference
PMID:19273238
  Authors
Ballatori N, Li N, Fang F, Boyer JL, Christian WV, Hammond CL
  Title
OST alpha-OST beta: a key membrane transporter of bile acids and conjugated steroids.
  Journal
Front Biosci 14:2829-44 (2009)
DOI:10.2741/3416
Reference
PMID:18377365
  Authors
Roma MG, Crocenzi FA, Sanchez Pozzi EA
  Title
Hepatocellular transport in acquired cholestasis: new insights into functional, regulatory and therapeutic aspects.
  Journal
Clin Sci (Lond) 114:567-88 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/CS20070227
Reference
PMID:18371245
  Authors
Arrese M, Macias RI, Briz O, Perez MJ, Marin JJ
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  Journal
Expert Rev Mol Med 10:e9 (2008)
DOI:10.1017/S1462399408000628
Related
pathway
npo00120  Primary bile acid biosynthesis
npo04144  Endocytosis
npo04530  Tight junction
npo04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04976   
LinkDB

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