KEGG   PATHWAY: ssc04724
Entry
ssc04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Sus scrofa (pig)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
ssc04724  Glutamatergic synapse
ssc04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Sus scrofa (pig) [GN:ssc]
Gene
100154364  SLC38A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
100525644  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207]
399525  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100738224  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100514772  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
100519886  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
100526221  SLC17A8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
100624513  GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X4 [KO:K05201]
100516526  GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202]
100511641  GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203]
100523504  GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204]
100737141  GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205]
100623647  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
100622950  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05198]
100519996  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05199]
100524886  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform X3 [KO:K05200]
397440  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
100736832  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209]
100626022  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
100515684  GRIN2C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
100521797  GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
100153054  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213]
100623799  GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214]
397241  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100158082  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
396603  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100625117  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
100627903  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
100626077  DLG4; disks large homolog 4 isoform X6 [KO:K11828]
100627012  DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15008]
100512353  SHANK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009]
100622375  SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15009]
102160500  SHANK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 [KO:K15009]
100625861  LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 [KO:K26472]
100156938  TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 [KO:K04964]
100625610  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04603]
102161751  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
100156419  HOMER2; homer protein homolog 2 isoform X4 [KO:K15010]
100511070  HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 [KO:K15010]
100526210  HOMER3; homer protein homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
654405  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
100152679  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100157641  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100516581  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100525148  PLCB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
397184  PRKCA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100522792  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100518074  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X3 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
397454  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100517279  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100155015  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100520687  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100152927  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100514811  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100513834  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102162529  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100519446  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
414900  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100153927  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
445013  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100049657  GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 [KO:K04632]
100624934  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100517503  ADCY2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100514402  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100152067  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100155970  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100522613  ADCY6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100620994  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100622999  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100625423  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
397652  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100623628  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100520271  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
100521916  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606]
100152616  GRM4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
102162790  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04608]
100621119  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
100524120  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04610]
100144421  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
100144419  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
397523  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
100516976  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
110261346  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
100516546  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
100154522  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
100524280  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
100157949  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
102165618  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
100620948  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04540]
102167388  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
102166994  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
100621275  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
100622520  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544]
100515992  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 isoform X1 [KO:K04545]
100522202  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
100270820  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
100520008  GNG14; uncharacterized LOC105372280 homolog [KO:K04347]
100511870  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
100519790  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548]
100621431  uncharacterized protein LOC100621431 isoform X1 [KO:K04549]
110255211  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 isoform X2 [KO:K04549]
100156449  GRK3; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
100513842  GRK2; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
396586  KCNJ3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
100525387  CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
100627068  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05613]
100519664  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618]
397003  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
100518296  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
100518733  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
100511102  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X14 [KO:K04851]
100516047  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform 1 [KO:K05614]
396944  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
100156039  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X2 [KO:K13576]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
ssc00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ssc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ssc04720  Long-term potentiation
ssc04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
ssc04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system