KEGG   PATHWAY: ssc05224
Entry
ssc05224                    Pathway                                
Name
Breast cancer - Sus scrofa (pig)
Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
ssc05224  Breast cancer
ssc05224

Organism
Sus scrofa (pig) [GN:ssc]
Gene
397435  ESR1; estrogen receptor [KO:K08550]
396697  ESR2; estrogen receptor beta [KO:K08551]
574068  NCOA1; nuclear receptor coactivator 1 [KO:K09101] [EC:2.3.1.48]
100135659  NCOA3; nuclear receptor coactivator 3 [KO:K11256] [EC:2.3.1.48]
100144486  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
396913  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
396575  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 isoform X1 [KO:K04684]
100738589  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
448810  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
396805  PGR; progesterone receptor [KO:K08556]
100525462  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
100327037  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
100037976  TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
100516641  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 precursor [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
397497  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 [KO:K18496]
397643  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
396717  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
100155720  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 [KO:K04358]
100152116  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
100152223  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
100156242  FGF8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 8 [KO:K04358]
100513672  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
100516301  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
100518595  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
100519127  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
100525013  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 isoform X2 [KO:K04358]
100525086  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
397281  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 [KO:K04358]
110259378  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
100518950  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
100302504  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 precursor [KO:K22429]
100155339  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
100153248  FGFR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
397491  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I precursor [KO:K05459]
397350  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
397083  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor precursor [KO:K04357]
397070  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor precursor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
396810  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit precursor [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100156321  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06279]
110259382  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
102164918  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17448]
100526147  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17449]
100192436  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
100156602  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
100520187  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
110259208  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100518251  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100739349  NRAS; GTPase NRas precursor [KO:K07828]
397601  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100514612  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X6 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100737448  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100233191  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100525505  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100153927  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
445013  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100518131  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100621789  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100622559  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100511937  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100739510  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100623707  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100156264  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100126861  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100513811  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127478  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127359  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127158  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100512153  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100156773  JAG1; protein jagged-1 isoform X2 [KO:K06052]
100522743  JAG2; protein jagged-2 isoform X1 [KO:K21635]
100152163  DLL4; delta-like protein 4 precursor [KO:K06051]
100520433  DLL3; delta-like protein 3 [KO:K06051]
100620481  DLL1; delta-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06051]
110258061  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
100153369  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
102158881  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
100144522  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 precursor [KO:K20996]
100499567  HES1; transcription factor HES-1 [KO:K06054]
110261433  HES5; transcription factor HES-5 [KO:K06055]
100152404  HEY2; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 [KO:K09091]
100157952  HEY1; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09091]
100518256  HEYL; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K09091]
100518179  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100152215  CDKN1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
100153829  NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04469]
100516839  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
100520560  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
100514950  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a isoform X1 [KO:K00312]
100519512  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00312]
100516268  WNT5B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
100627056  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
100622044  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
100153445  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
100626947  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
100513655  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b isoform X1 [KO:K00714]
100739710  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
100512949  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
100738655  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
100126276  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b precursor [KO:K01357]
100623646  WNT10A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
100521912  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
100511484  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
100513691  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
110262227  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
100337669  FZD2; frizzled-2 precursor [KO:K02235]
100153078  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
100520319  FZD4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
100519058  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
110255708  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
100157360  FZD6; frizzled-6 precursor [KO:K02376]
100511782  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
100625784  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
100515777  LRP6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068]
100524299  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
100525170  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02353]
100621038  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
100625452  DVL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353]
110256598  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
110256599  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
100126852  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100523725  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
100739604  AXIN2; axin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04385]
100517932  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein [KO:K02085]
100579172  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
397657  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
100514516  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X4 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100512951  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
100523899  TCF7L1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
100153922  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X26 [KO:K04491]
100170126  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 [KO:K04492]
397276  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
100152997  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
733669  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
100621090  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
396633  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
397543  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X2 [KO:K14021]
100513197  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K10140]
100518650  POLK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA polymerase kappa [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
100144492  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100151828  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
100153846  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
110261113  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
100154407  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
100049662  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein isoform X15 [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100624979  BRCA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein [KO:K08775]
Compound
C00410  Progesterone
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24649067
  Authors
Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL
  Title
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).
  Journal
Biomed Rep 2:41-52 (2014)
DOI:10.3892/br.2013.187
Reference
PMID:27390604
  Authors
Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z
  Title
Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
  Journal
J Cancer 7:1281-94 (2016)
DOI:10.7150/jca.13141
Reference
PMID:20436504
  Authors
Schnitt SJ
  Title
Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 23 Suppl 2:S60-4 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.33
Reference
PMID:23000897
  Authors
  Title
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
  Journal
Nature 490:61-70 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11412
Reference
PMID:22178455
  Authors
Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A
  Title
Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Treat Rev 38:698-707 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.005
Reference
  Authors
Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.
  Title
Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer
  Journal
Trends Cancer 2:35-48 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001
Reference
  Authors
Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.
  Title
Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies
  Journal
J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)
Reference
PMID:24596345
  Authors
Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S
  Title
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.
  Journal
Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)
Reference
PMID:23988612
  Authors
Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX
  Title
Targeted therapy for breast cancer.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 183:1096-112 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.005
Reference
PMID:22722193
  Authors
Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER
  Title
Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.
  Journal
Nature 486:353-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11143
Reference
PMID:25907219
  Authors
Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ
  Title
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 15:261-75 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3920
Reference
PMID:16113099
  Authors
Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL
  Title
Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
  Journal
Endocr Relat Cancer 12 Suppl 1:S47-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00993
Reference
PMID:24111892
  Authors
Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW
  Title
Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 65:279-92 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-051812-145316
Reference
PMID:23702927
  Authors
Brisken C
  Title
Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 13:385-96 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3518
Reference
PMID:20087430
  Authors
Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL
  Title
Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.
  Journal
Nucl Recept Signal 7:e009 (2009)
DOI:10.1621/nrs.07009
Reference
PMID:24291072
  Authors
Knutson TP, Lange CA
  Title
Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:114-25 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.010
Reference
PMID:25544707
  Authors
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A
  Title
The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.
  Journal
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19:253-70 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5
Reference
PMID:21965336
  Authors
Higgins MJ, Baselga J
  Title
Targeted therapies for breast cancer.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 121:3797-803 (2011)
DOI:10.1172/JCI57152
Reference
PMID:26028978
  Authors
Mukohara T
  Title
PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 7:111-23 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S60696
Reference
PMID:19088017
  Authors
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA
  Title
Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:8010-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1208
Reference
PMID:21898546
  Authors
King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y
  Title
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 113:13-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.23350
Reference
PMID:11737884
  Authors
Brown AM
  Title
Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 3:351-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1186/bcr321
Reference
PMID:21076461
  Authors
Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS
  Title
beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 24:209-31 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.205
Reference
PMID:20971825
  Authors
Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS
  Title
Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
  Journal
Mol Cancer Ther 10:9-15 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0677
Reference
PMID:26968398
  Authors
Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res Treat 156:211-26 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7
Reference
PMID:26040571
  Authors
Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N
  Title
Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 172:4228-37 (2015)
DOI:10.1111/bph.13211
Reference
PMID:23196196
  Authors
Karamboulas C, Ailles L
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:2481-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.008
Reference
PMID:23881035
  Authors
Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C
  Title
Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.
  Journal
Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:494-506 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124
Reference
PMID:25013431
  Authors
Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH
  Title
Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.
  Journal
J Breast Cancer 17:113-20 (2014)
DOI:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113
Reference
PMID:11879567
  Authors
Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T
  Title
The p53 pathway in breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 4:70-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/bcr426
Reference
PMID:15343273
  Authors
Narod SA, Foulkes WD
  Title
BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:665-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1431
Related
pathway
ssc03440  Homologous recombination
ssc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ssc04110  Cell cycle
ssc04115  p53 signaling pathway
ssc04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ssc04310  Wnt signaling pathway
ssc04330  Notch signaling pathway
ssc04915  Estrogen signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05224   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system