KEGG   PATHWAY: tru04140
Entry
tru04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Takifugu rubripes (torafugu)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
tru04140  Autophagy - animal
tru04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Takifugu rubripes (torafugu) [GN:tru]
Gene
101065226  insulin-like isoform X2 [KO:K04526]
101063427  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101079603  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101069368  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
101072794  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
101076043  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
101074788  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
101069496  insulin receptor substrate 2-like [KO:K07187]
101067191  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101068840  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101066166  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101072152  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101076867  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101065244  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
101079698  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101061527  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101063692  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101077380  pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101062512  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
101076701  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101073734  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101080181  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101065438  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101079608  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101071975  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101079654  pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
101079899  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
101069736  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
101077708  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101069411  mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101074417  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101061602  uncharacterized protein LOC101061602 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
654310  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101063584  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101070236  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101078496  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101066563  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101071027  hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
101062698  hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like isoform X3 [KO:K08268]
101061996  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
101079203  DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein-like [KO:K08270]
101078033  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
101064275  tsc1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
101070860  hamartin-like isoform X2 [KO:K07206]
101061036  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
101064753  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
101063973  GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
101075993  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
115253237  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
101064694  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
101079541  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]
101074470  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101067319  uncharacterized protein LOC101067319 [KO:K16184]
115248108  uncharacterized protein LOC115248108 [KO:K16184]
101066021  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
101074350  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101069154  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101062507  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101067708  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
101068850  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101065017  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101076837  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X3 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105419003  ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101075494  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101070894  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X3 [KO:K08331]
101066840  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
101068323  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
101069427  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
101078398  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
101062299  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
101073129  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
101079656  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
101065043  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
101071725  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
101067409  autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
619217  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
101075837  supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
101070002  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a-like [KO:K23611]
101078682  guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a [KO:K23611]
115248466  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a-like [KO:K23611]
101064402  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
101079186  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
115247129  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
101062202  rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
101063247  ras-related protein Rab-8A-like [KO:K07901]
101069603  rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
101078618  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
101074386  sequestosome-1 isoform X2 [KO:K14381]
115248426  sequestosome-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
101071013  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101077466  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
101072835  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
101070538  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
101077537  ras-related protein Rab-1B-like [KO:K07874]
101061287  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
101063799  rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
101067257  ras-related GTP-binding protein C-like [KO:K16186]
115247165  ras-related GTP-binding protein D-like isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
115246519  ras-related GTP-binding protein D-like isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
101074528  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101076074  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101065197  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101069822  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101067856  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101066292  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101062935  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101062863  prkcd; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101073575  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101070190  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101067839  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101078548  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101071405  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
101063792  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
101064016  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
101069689  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
101076691  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
115250254  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
115250055  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
115250058  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105418743  uncharacterized protein LOC105418743 [KO:K02158]
115250644  uncharacterized protein LOC115250644 [KO:K02158]
653027  becn1; Beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
101075866  nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21246]
101074703  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101073179  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101072014  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
101071809  ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
101071368  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101063121  tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21247]
101074125  vacuole membrane protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
101071350  stx17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
105418208  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
101072556  endophilin-B1-like [KO:K11248]
101070012  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X2 [KO:K19330]
101067210  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101063524  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101067048  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101071946  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101071755  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X10 [KO:K04958]
101074739  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
101075531  death-associated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101079778  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101061222  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101068981  dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101067170  high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
115252562  high mobility group-T protein-like [KO:K10802]
101068654  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101079424  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101076750  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101072360  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101074389  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101077753  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101071812  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17603]
101064004  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17603]
101070993  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17603]
101075521  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
101065812  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
101067804  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
101066387  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X2 [KO:K17888]
101066537  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
101063858  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
101062381  ras-related protein Rab-33B-like isoform X1 [KO:K07920]
101063984  ras-related protein Rab-33B-like isoform X3 [KO:K07920]
101061685  ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
101069776  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101066427  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
101067923  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
101076880  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
101076890  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08341]
101062775  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
101064128  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
101065324  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101077757  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
101071685  atg4d; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101076902  cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101064799  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
115247265  cysteine protease ATG4B-like [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101072529  next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
101077097  next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
101070082  optn; optineurin [KO:K19946]
101072157  calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
101080048  tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
101064703  tax1-binding protein 1 homolog A isoform X3 [KO:K21347]
101061075  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
105417966  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
101064235  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
101062855  ubb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
101073933  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
101061783  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K08512]
101071071  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like [KO:K08512]
101075046  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
101065310  stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
101076221  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
101069796  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
101065104  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
101064096  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
101070305  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
101077220  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
101080168  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X4 [KO:K20183]
101065212  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
101070484  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X4 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
101061079  gorasp1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
101067148  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
101074307  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2-like [KO:K26797]
101061812  ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
101076529  ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
101073797  lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1-like [KO:K06528]
101075829  lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
101070828  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
777955  ctsd; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
777956  ctsd2; cathepsin D2 precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
101079548  ctsl; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101077542  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101076903  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101076659  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
101070919  cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
tru04010  MAPK signaling pathway
tru04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tru04142  Lysosome
tru04150  mTOR signaling pathway
tru04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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