KEGG   PATHWAY: tge04140
Entry
tge04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Theropithecus gelada (gelada)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
tge04140  Autophagy - animal
tge04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Theropithecus gelada (gelada) [GN:tge]
Gene
112604521  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112605108  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
112605118  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112605337  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
112605744  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 [KO:K20868]
112605993  CTSD; cathepsin D isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
112606254  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
112606473  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
112606579  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
112606601  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
112606606  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
112606618  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
112606963  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
112607060  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112607132  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
112607359  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
112607412  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112607650  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112607654  CTSL; cathepsin L1 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112607659  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112607854  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
112607948  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
112608183  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112608367  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
112608582  C15H9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
112608867  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
112608982  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
112608984  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
112609049  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112609113  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112609171  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
112609196  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
112609286  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112609297  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
112609356  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
112609444  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
112609526  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
112609602  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
112609664  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112609670  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112609732  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
112609779  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112610002  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
112610047  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
112610600  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
112610619  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
112610643  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
112610905  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
112611520  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
112611529  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
112611591  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
112612001  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112612007  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
112612288  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112612394  MAP2K2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112612475  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112612552  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112612574  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
112612612  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112612631  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
112612676  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112613361  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
112613697  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
112613701  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
112613803  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
112614214  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112614277  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
112614444  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
112614522  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112615013  [KO:K21245]
112615147  [KO:K21245]
112615338  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
112615399  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112615539  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
112615858  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
112615981  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
112616118  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
112616519  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
112617858  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
112618017  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112618018  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112618203  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
112618470  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
112618577  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112618739  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
112618812  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
112618821  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
112618864  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112618874  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112619031  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112619074  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
112619188  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112619294  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112619416  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
112619417  [KO:K02927]
112619721  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112620074  [KO:K02977]
112620291  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
112620360  ATG9B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
112620566  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
112620714  [KO:K02927]
112621752  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
112621801  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
112622324  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
112622458  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
112622899  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112623237  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
112623568  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112623578  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
112624471  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
112624582  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
112624632  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112624811  [KO:K02927]
112625376  [KO:K08341]
112625442  [KO:K17606]
112625761  ATG12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
112625764  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
112625865  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
112625914  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112626017  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
112626030  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
112626074  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112626197  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
112626308  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112627439  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
112627624  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112627759  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112627816  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112627924  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
112628471  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
112628505  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112629021  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112629032  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
112629175  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
112629435  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
112629473  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112629685  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
112629948  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
112629959  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
112630018  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112631088  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
112631148  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112631165  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
112631172  BNIP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
112631315  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
112631512  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
112631631  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112632070  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
112632705  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
112632792  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112632799  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
112632856  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
112632900  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112633328  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
112633798  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
112633963  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
112634042  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112634105  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
112634222  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112634243  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
112634975  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112635245  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112635369  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
112635387  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
112635786  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
112635970  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112636147  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
112636220  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
112636475  [KO:K10802]
112636552  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
112636725  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
112636941  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
tge04010  MAPK signaling pathway
tge04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tge04142  Lysosome
tge04150  mTOR signaling pathway
tge04152  AMPK signaling pathway
tge04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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