Entry
Name
Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites or malignant transformation. Although NK cells do not express classical antigen receptors of the immunoglobulin gene family, such as the antibodies produced by B cells or the T cell receptor expressed by T cells, they are equipped with various receptors whose engagement allows them to discriminate between target and nontarget cells. Activating receptors bind ligands on the target cell surface and trigger NK cell activation and target cell lysis. However Inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules (HLA) and inhibit killing by NK cells by overruling the actions of the activating receptors. This inhibitory signal is lost when the target cells do not express MHC class I and perhaps also in cells infected with virus, which might inhibit MHC class I exprssion or alter its conformation. The mechanism of NK cell killing is the same as that used by the cytotoxic T cells generated in an adaptive immune response; cytotoxic granules are released onto the surface of the bound target cell, and the effector proteins they contain penetrate the cell membrane and induce programmed cell death.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
dnm04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:
dnm ]
Gene
101429122 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein-like [KO:K06541 ]
101424698 NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K06541 ]
101425586 NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K06541 ]
101429553 NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K06541 ]
101446965 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
101421086 RAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
101424799 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
101421425 TYROBP; TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K07992 ]
101423469 putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856 ]
101447167 NCR1; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06741 ]
105744140 FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983 ]
101425248 CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
101417876 LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 [KO:K07362 ]
101433438 LAT2; linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26356 ]
101428386 PLCG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101444276 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101443761 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101426945 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101423744 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
101435351 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101433347 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101417480 SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448 ]
101423951 NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K06728 ]
101422758 HCST; hematopoietic cell signal transducer isoform X1 [KO:K07988 ]
101435854 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101420075 PPP3CC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101427629 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101427882 NFATC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
101417008 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
101435481 TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721 ]
101438083 TNFRSF10B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B isoform X1 [KO:K04722 ]
101417353 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
101413233 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Chiesa S, Tomasello E, Vivier E, Vely F.
Title
Coordination of activating and inhibitory signals in natural killer cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Maghazachi AA.
Title
Insights into seven and single transmembrane-spanning domain receptors and their signaling pathways in human natural killer cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vivier E, Nunes JA, Vely F.
Title
Natural killer cell signaling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Colucci F, Di Santo JP, Leibson PJ.
Title
Natural killer cell activation in mice and men: different triggers for similar weapons?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Perussia B.
Title
Signaling for cytotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kelly JM, Westwood JA, Street SE, Yagita H, Takeda K, van Dommelen SL, Degli-Esposti MA, Hayakawa Y.
Title
Activation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Djeu JY, Jiang K, Wei S.
Title
A view to a kill: signals triggering cytotoxicity.
Journal
Clin Cancer Res 8:636-40 (2002)
Reference
Authors
Smyth MJ, Takeda K, Hayakawa Y, Peschon JJ, van den Brink MR, Yagita H.
Title
Nature's TRAIL--on a path to cancer immunotherapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Colonna M.
Title
Fine-tuning NK cell responses: it's a family affair.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bonnema JD, Leibson PJ.
Title
Signal transduction during NK cell activation.
Journal
Chem Immunol 64:28-43 (1996)
Reference
Authors
Tassi I, Presti R, Kim S, Yokoyama WM, Gilfillan S, Colonna M.
Title
Phospholipase C-gamma 2 is a critical signaling mediator for murine NK cell activating receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG.
Title
Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wu J, Lanier LL.
Title
Natural killer cells and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cerwenka A, Lanier LL.
Title
Natural killer cells, viruses and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blott EJ, Griffiths GM.
Title
Secretory lysosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lieberman J.
Title
The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: new weapons in the arsenal.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title
Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu D, Xu L, Yang F, Li D, Gong F, Xu T.
Title
Rapid biogenesis and sensitization of secretory lysosomes in NK cells mediated by target-cell recognition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trotta R, Puorro KA, Paroli M, Azzoni L, Abebe B, Eisenlohr LC, Perussia B.
Title
Dependence of both spontaneous and antibody-dependent, granule exocytosis-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity on extracellular signal-regulated kinases.
Journal
J Immunol 161:6648-56 (1998)
Reference
Authors
Jevremovic D, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Leibson PJ.
Title
Regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the adaptor protein 3BP2.
Journal
Related pathway
dnm04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway
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