Entry Name Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites or malignant transformation. Although NK cells do not express classical antigen receptors of the immunoglobulin gene family, such as the antibodies produced by B cells or the T cell receptor expressed by T cells, they are equipped with various receptors whose engagement allows them to discriminate between target and nontarget cells. Activating receptors bind ligands on the target cell surface and trigger NK cell activation and target cell lysis. However Inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules (HLA) and inhibit killing by NK cells by overruling the actions of the activating receptors. This inhibitory signal is lost when the target cells do not express MHC class I and perhaps also in cells infected with virus, which might inhibit MHC class I exprssion or alter its conformation. The mechanism of NK cell killing is the same as that used by the cytotoxic T cells generated in an adaptive immune response; cytotoxic granules are released onto the surface of the bound target cell, and the effector proteins they contain penetrate the cell membrane and induce programmed cell death.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map dnm04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Other DBs Organism Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:
dnm ]
Gene 101413233 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
101417008 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
101417353 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
101417480 SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448 ]
101417876 LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 [KO:K07362 ]
101420075 PPP3CC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101421086 RAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
101421425 TYROBP; TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K07992 ]
101422758 HCST; hematopoietic cell signal transducer isoform X1 [KO:K07988 ]
101424799 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
101425248 CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
101426945 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101427629 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101427882 NFATC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
101428386 PLCG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101433347 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101433438 LAT2; linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26356 ]
101435351 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101435481 TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721 ]
101435854 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101438083 TNFRSF10B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B isoform X1 [KO:K04722 ]
101443761 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101444276 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101446965 VAV2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
101447167 NCR1; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06741 ]
105744140 FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Chiesa S, Tomasello E, Vivier E, Vely F.
Title Coordination of activating and inhibitory signals in natural killer cells.
Journal Reference Authors Maghazachi AA.
Title Insights into seven and single transmembrane-spanning domain receptors and their signaling pathways in human natural killer cells.
Journal Reference Authors Vivier E, Nunes JA, Vely F.
Title Natural killer cell signaling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Colucci F, Di Santo JP, Leibson PJ.
Title Natural killer cell activation in mice and men: different triggers for similar weapons?
Journal Reference Authors Perussia B.
Title Signaling for cytotoxicity.
Journal Reference Authors Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kelly JM, Westwood JA, Street SE, Yagita H, Takeda K, van Dommelen SL, Degli-Esposti MA, Hayakawa Y.
Title Activation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Journal Reference Authors Djeu JY, Jiang K, Wei S.
Title A view to a kill: signals triggering cytotoxicity.
Journal Clin Cancer Res 8:636-40 (2002)
Reference Authors Smyth MJ, Takeda K, Hayakawa Y, Peschon JJ, van den Brink MR, Yagita H.
Title Nature's TRAIL--on a path to cancer immunotherapy.
Journal Reference Authors Colonna M.
Title Fine-tuning NK cell responses: it's a family affair.
Journal Reference Authors Bonnema JD, Leibson PJ.
Title Signal transduction during NK cell activation.
Journal Chem Immunol 64:28-43 (1996)
Reference Authors Tassi I, Presti R, Kim S, Yokoyama WM, Gilfillan S, Colonna M.
Title Phospholipase C-gamma 2 is a critical signaling mediator for murine NK cell activating receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG.
Title Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function.
Journal Reference Authors Wu J, Lanier LL.
Title Natural killer cells and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Cerwenka A, Lanier LL.
Title Natural killer cells, viruses and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Blott EJ, Griffiths GM.
Title Secretory lysosomes.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman J.
Title The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: new weapons in the arsenal.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Reference Authors Liu D, Xu L, Yang F, Li D, Gong F, Xu T.
Title Rapid biogenesis and sensitization of secretory lysosomes in NK cells mediated by target-cell recognition.
Journal Reference Authors Trotta R, Puorro KA, Paroli M, Azzoni L, Abebe B, Eisenlohr LC, Perussia B.
Title Dependence of both spontaneous and antibody-dependent, granule exocytosis-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity on extracellular signal-regulated kinases.
Journal J Immunol 161:6648-56 (1998)
Reference Authors Jevremovic D, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Leibson PJ.
Title Regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the adaptor protein 3BP2.
Journal Related dnm04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway
