KEGG   PATHWAY: aoce04210
Entry
aoce04210                   Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Amphiprion ocellaris (clown anemonefish)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
aoce04210  Apoptosis
aoce04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Amphiprion ocellaris (clown anemonefish) [GN:aoce]
Gene
111563445  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like [KO:K04721]
111570135  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like [KO:K04721]
111566190  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like [KO:K04722]
111583694  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
111573689  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111566322  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111577528  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111588573  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6-like isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
111583532  fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
111579085  tumor necrosis factor-like [KO:K03156]
111575173  tumor necrosis factor-like [KO:K03156]
111586342  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A-like [KO:K03158]
111577797  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
111562391  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
111588089  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111588095  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111588107  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111586360  caspase-8-like [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111578659  casp6; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
111580236  caspase-3-like [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
111580983  caspase-3-like [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
111577084  caspase-3-like [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
111567292  casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
111562459  apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
111581681  bax; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
111576238  apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
111568033  diablo; diablo homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K10522]
111568103  diablo homolog, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K10522]
111587388  septin-5-like isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
111572992  septin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
111578923  htra2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
111585047  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
111577830  cytochrome c-b [KO:K08738]
111579709  cytochrome c-a [KO:K08738]
111578144  apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
111572548  casp9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
111587845  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
111587846  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
111587848  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
111572194  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
111577338  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
111571834  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111573660  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
111582834  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
111582835  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
111582836  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
111581946  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
111572890  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
111572891  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
111572892  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
111584421  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
111584480  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
111586646  tubulin alpha-1B chain-like [KO:K07374]
111586647  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
111572097  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like [KO:K07374]
111579270  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
111562729  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
111572843  induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1-like [KO:K02539]
111571635  induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539]
111585137  actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
111577884  sptan1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
111578023  lmna; lamin [KO:K12641]
111569146  lamin-A-like [KO:K12641]
111576811  lmnb2; lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
111570355  lmnb1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
111584657  parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
111575517  parp3; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
111582821  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4-like [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
111585338  parp2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
111573232  dffa; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
111572546  dffb; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
111585519  endog; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
111584770  aifm1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
111566526  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
111579494  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
111584314  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111568017  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111580152  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111576861  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111569665  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
111575102  itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
111568340  itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
111562577  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111585234  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111575356  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111588653  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111568896  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111585239  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111568891  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111568893  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111568895  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111569316  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111564603  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
111579423  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
111579879  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
111576947  ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
111589113  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
111572660  ctsc; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
111570706  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
111567600  ctsf; cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
111587586  pro-cathepsin H-like [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
111580156  pro-cathepsin H-like [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
111569218  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
111571631  cathepsin K-like [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
111569582  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
111570713  ctsl; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
111573324  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
111588378  ctso; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
111571630  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
111579743  ctsz; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
111580650  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2-like [KO:K16060]
111583181  xiap; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111587248  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.1-A-like [KO:K08731]
111585891  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.2-like [KO:K08731]
111571898  uncharacterized protein LOC111571898 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
111575580  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
111573969  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
111579931  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111588684  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111573676  daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
111568701  ripk1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111586504  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein-like [KO:K19901]
111582446  dab2ip; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
111572346  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
111589020  map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
111575648  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111577431  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111569535  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111582355  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111588385  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
111587627  jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
111577530  transcription factor AP-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04448]
111565479  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
111574573  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
111583367  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
111583368  proto-oncogene c-Fos-like [KO:K04379]
111577187  cellular tumor antigen p53-like [KO:K04451]
111581683  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14-like [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
111570768  uncharacterized protein LOC111570768 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
111581409  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111567460  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111577292  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111582017  optineurin-like isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
111581711  nfkbia; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
111577551  NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha-like [KO:K04734]
111583748  nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
111582710  transcription factor p65-like isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
111575634  ptpn13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
111579956  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402]
111575660  gadd45g; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
111586386  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402]
111573443  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402]
111575982  gadd45b; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
111585480  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
111585481  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
111585954  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402]
111588942  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111584499  pidd1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K10130]
111586367  casp2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
111573866  nerve growth factor-like [KO:K02582]
111579897  nerve growth factor-like [KO:K02582]
111579099  ntrk1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111581338  uncharacterized protein LOC111581338 [KO:K04738]
111573373  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111586024  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111588464  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111569702  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111581473  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111566849  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
111573943  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649]
111569137  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111586970  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
111566758  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111582380  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111587052  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649]
111584920  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111584424  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111570511  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111581166  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111581655  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111566093  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111584369  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
111565328  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
111563125  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
111588716  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111573164  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111568133  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111572311  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111565366  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111578326  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
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Related
pathway
aoce04010  MAPK signaling pathway
aoce04020  Calcium signaling pathway
aoce04115  p53 signaling pathway
aoce04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   
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