Entry
Name
Hepatocellular carcinoma - Bos mutus (wild yak)
Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the rare human neoplasms etiologically linked to viral factors. It has been shown that, after HBV/HCV infection and alcohol or aflatoxin B1 exposure, genetic and epigenetic changes occur. The recurrent mutated genes were found to be highly enriched in multiple key driver signaling processes, including telomere maintenance, TP53, cell cycle regulation, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (CTNNB1 and AXIN1), the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies using whole-exome sequencing have revealed recurrent mutations in new driver genes involved in the chromatin remodelling (ARID1A and ARID2) and the oxidative stress (NFE2L2) pathways.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Bos mutus (wild yak) [GN:
bom ]
Gene
102286943 SOS1; SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K03099 ]
102277585 SOS2; SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K03099 ]
102266922 PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649 ]
102280296 PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649 ]
102286868 PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649 ]
102274304 MYC; v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog [KO:K04377 ]
102276116 GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma [KO:K04402 ]
102288000 GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha [KO:K04402 ]
102266633 TCF7; transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, HMG-box) [KO:K02620 ]
102266927 SMARCD1; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 1 [KO:K11650 ]
102272545 SMARCD2; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 2 [KO:K11650 ]
102265195 SMARCD3; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3 [KO:K11650 ]
102277209 SMARCE1; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 [KO:K11651 ]
102277219 SMARCB1; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1 [KO:K11648 ]
102286078 SMARCC1; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 1 [KO:K11649 ]
102284345 SMARCC2; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 2 [KO:K11649 ]
102278305 SMARCA4; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
102281271 SMARCA2; SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX
Title
The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM
Title
Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villanueva A, Newell P, Chiang DY, Friedman SL, Llovet JM.
Title
Genomics and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Breuhahn K, Longerich T, Schirmacher P
Title
Dysregulation of growth factor signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Minguez B, Tovar V, Chiang D, Villanueva A, Llovet JM
Title
Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular therapies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kudo M
Title
Signaling pathway and molecular-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J
Title
Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: the next generation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rocken C, Carl-McGrath S.
Title
Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cornella H, Alsinet C, Villanueva A
Title
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH
Title
Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tannapfel A, Wittekind C
Title
Genes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma: deregulation in cell cycling and apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shiraha H, Yamamoto K, Namba M
Title
Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (review).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nault JC, Mallet M, Pilati C, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent C, Laurent A, Cherqui D, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J
Title
High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guichard C, Amaddeo G, Imbeaud S, Ladeiro Y, Pelletier L, Maad IB, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Letexier M, Degos F, Clement B, Balabaud C, Chevet E, Laurent A, Couchy G, Letouze E, Calvo F, Zucman-Rossi J
Title
Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Praslicka BJ, Kerins MJ, Ooi A
Title
The complex role of NRF2 in cancer: a genomic view
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kansanen E, Kuosmanen SM, Leinonen H, Levonen AL
Title
The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: Mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taguchi K, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M
Title
Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM, Hocevar BA
Title
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage in carcinogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Krupp G, Bonatz G, Parwaresch R
Title
Telomerase, immortality and cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jafri MA, Ansari SA, Alqahtani MH, Shay JW
Title
Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shay JW
Title
Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging and Cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Granito A, Guidetti E, Gramantieri L
Title
c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a molecular target in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vita M, Henriksson M
Title
The Myc oncoprotein as a therapeutic target for human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Qu A, Jiang C, Cai Y, Kim JH, Tanaka N, Ward JM, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ
Title
Role of Myc in hepatocellular proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Journal
Related pathway
bom04932 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
KO pathway
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