KEGG   PATHWAY: cge04932
Entry
cge04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
cge04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
cge04932

Organism
Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) [GN:cge]
Gene
100689186  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
100750971  Il6r; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K05055]
100769267  Socs3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
100764780  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
100765017  Tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X2 [KO:K03158]
100770607  Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X3 [KO:K02580]
100763542  Rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X4 [KO:K04735]
100760716  Ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
100766818  Insr; insulin receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100755710  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100771848  Irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07187]
100689251  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100769225  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100689252  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100771181  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100750761  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100774067  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100768351  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100752454  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100769460  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100757049  Gsk3a; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha isoform X3 [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100760865  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X7 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100756988  Nr1h3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
100768377  Rxra; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08524]
100689018  Srebf1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
100768794  Mlxip; MLX-interacting protein isoform X3 [KO:K09113]
100760281  Mlxipl; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein [KO:K09113]
100758188  Mlx; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
100755461  Pklr; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform X2 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
100774160  Lep; leptin [KO:K05424]
100756564  Lepr; leptin receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05062]
100763032  Adipoq; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
100752505  Adipor1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
100752717  Adipor2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07297]
100767909  Prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100769574  Prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100755226  Prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
100772359  Prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07199]
100758649  Prkag2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X4 [KO:K07200]
100770459  Prkag3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
100765754  Prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100689104  Mapk14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100759172  Mapk11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100754042  Mapk12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100763519  Mapk13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100758990  Ppara; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X3 [KO:K07294]
100689245  Pparg; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [KO:K08530]
100765433  Cdc42; cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
100756792  Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
113837706  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392]
100762677  Map3k11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100771734  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100754361  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100764964  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100751263  Itch; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100750680  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X3 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100762099  Traf2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100752376  Map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100689418  Fos; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
113834001  transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100769260  Il1a; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
100775079  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100750488  Ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100689062  Xbp1; X-box-binding protein 1 isoform 2 [KO:K09027]
113837181  CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
100765891  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
100773293  Faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
100773359  Tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
100765343  Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100761915  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100689386  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100763514  Ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X2 [KO:K04452]
100771754  Bcl2l11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X2 [KO:K16341]
100689032  Bax; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
100762537  Fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
100689369  Casp8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100754606  Bid; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
107977792  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
103160806  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100757098  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
100764460  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
100773626  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
100754043  cytochrome c, somatic [KO:K08738]
100768478  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
103164112  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100751857  cytochrome c, somatic-like [KO:K08738]
100689061  Casp3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100766857  Casp7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
100757245  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100757242  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100761076  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
100689328  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
100754444  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03946]
100764988  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03947]
118238483  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
100766611  Ndufa4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100755007  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
100760870  Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X2 [KO:K03949]
100750797  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03950]
100755602  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100770644  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100770579  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100773563  Ndufa9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100767451  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
100765100  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
100772543  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform X2 [KO:K03956]
100757306  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100762893  Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X2 [KO:K11353]
100754039  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03957]
100774095  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03958]
100757431  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
100762129  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100764614  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
100757916  Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
100765445  Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
100768089  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100754222  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100752642  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03964]
113830680  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X2 [KO:K03965]
100754681  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
100689361  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100754223  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100768067  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100761333  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100773999  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
100770445  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
100751523  Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
103160345  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03939]
100766693  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100755890  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100766880  Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100766442  Ndufc2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100750732  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100771246  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100689402  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
100774657  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
100759002  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
3979182  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
100766032  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
100766805  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00414]
100750822  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
100771461  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
100765588  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00416]
100762374  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X2 [KO:K00417]
100763175  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K00418]
100774773  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
100768142  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
3979189  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
3979185  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
3979186  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
100770670  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100757022  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100765757  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02264]
100768321  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
100764001  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02266]
100757101  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100766809  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
100768457  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
113837268  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
103161269  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2 [KO:K02268]
100759281  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100756540  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02270]
100767351  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100756118  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
113837643  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100772782  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
100764866  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
113834565  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
100774785  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
103158861  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02272]
100760019  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
100762701  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
100767292  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
100755207  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
cge00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
cge00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
cge03320  PPAR signaling pathway
cge04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cge04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
cge04210  Apoptosis
cge04668  TNF signaling pathway
cge04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
cge04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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