KEGG   PATHWAY: cge05225
Entry
cge05225                    Pathway                                
Name
Hepatocellular carcinoma - Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the rare human neoplasms etiologically linked to viral factors. It has been shown that, after HBV/HCV infection and alcohol or aflatoxin B1 exposure, genetic and epigenetic changes occur. The recurrent mutated genes were found to be highly enriched in multiple key driver signaling processes, including telomere maintenance, TP53, cell cycle regulation, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (CTNNB1 and AXIN1), the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies using whole-exome sequencing have revealed recurrent mutations in new driver genes involved in the chromatin remodelling (ARID1A and ARID2) and the oxidative stress (NFE2L2) pathways.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
cge05225  Hepatocellular carcinoma
cge05225

Organism
Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) [GN:cge]
Gene
100754730  Tgfa; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08774]
100774580  Egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100762359  Igf2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin-like growth factor II isoform X2 [KO:K13769]
100768531  Igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100769697  Plcg1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100752475  Plcg2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100766006  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X2 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100760922  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100762950  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100763890  Elk1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375]
100758936  Shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
100761269  Shc2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
100760879  Shc3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17448]
100763505  Shc4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K17449]
100769627  Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
100757521  Sos1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03099]
100769325  Sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X3 [KO:K03099]
100773737  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
100763178  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X4 [KO:K07827]
113839127  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113837935  GTPase KRas-like isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
113837956  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838653  GTPase KRas-like isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
113838692  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838722  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838818  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113837633  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838146  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838876  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838228  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113839011  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
100771078  GTPase KRas-like isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
113837960  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838098  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838326  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838417  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838488  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838583  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838676  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838679  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838746  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838796  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838871  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838872  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838892  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838898  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838914  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838921  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
113838942  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113838943  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113839007  GTPase HRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
118239746  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
118239767  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
118239768  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
118239770  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
118239801  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
118239825  GTPase KRas-like isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100757614  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100751432  Araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X5 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100771486  Braf; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X6 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100769018  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100689403  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113835540  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103158537  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100774204  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100759514  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100753149  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100689251  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100769225  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100689252  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100771181  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100750761  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100774067  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100764294  Pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X3 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100768351  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100752454  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100769460  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100755421  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100757513  Rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100760227  Rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100760426  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X2 [KO:K02158]
100689371  Bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
100773301  Myc; myc proto-oncogene protein isoform X2 [KO:K04377]
100752928  Rb1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-associated protein isoform X2 [KO:K06618]
100758556  E2f1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F1 isoform X2 [KO:K17454]
100754522  E2f2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X2 [KO:K09389]
100754647  E2f3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
100774541  Tert; telomerase reverse transcriptase isoform X4 [KO:K11126] [EC:2.7.7.49]
100682525  Tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
103160601  Cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06625]
103159266  Gadd45a; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04402]
100759228  Gadd45g; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
100766127  Gadd45b; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
100689032  Bax; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
100689368  Bak1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
100756705  Ddb2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA damage-binding protein 2 [KO:K10140]
100758099  Polk; DNA polymerase kappa isoform X3 [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
100764983  tumor suppressor ARF isoform X2 [KO:K06621]
100760122  Cdk4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100764515  Cdk6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X2 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100689063  Ccnd1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
100773359  Tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
100774918  Tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
100756831  Tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13377]
100772727  Tgfbr1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X3 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
100773953  Tgfbr2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
100771578  Smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
100759220  Smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X3 [KO:K23605]
100770737  Smad4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X2 [KO:K04501]
100766046  Wnt1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
100761413  Wnt2b; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
100752722  Wnt2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
100764164  Wnt3a; protein Wnt-3a isoform X2 [KO:K00312]
100774849  proto-oncogene Wnt-3 isoform X2 [KO:K00312]
100769003  Wnt4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X3 [KO:K00408]
100753089  Wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a [KO:K00444]
100753017  Wnt5b; protein Wnt-5b isoform X2 [KO:K00444]
100751289  Wnt6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X2 [KO:K00445]
100772978  Wnt7a; protein Wnt-7a isoform X2 [KO:K00572]
100755799  Wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
100775075  Wnt8b; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
100752907  Wnt8a; protein Wnt-8a isoform X2 [KO:K00714]
100766088  Wnt9b; protein Wnt-9b isoform X2 [KO:K01064]
100764466  Wnt9a; protein Wnt-9a isoform X2 [KO:K01064]
100770174  Wnt10a; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
100766340  Wnt10b; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
100774690  Wnt11; protein Wnt-11 isoform X1 [KO:K01384]
100764115  Wnt16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
100766658  Fzd7; frizzled-7 isoform X2 [KO:K02432]
100770917  Fzd1; frizzled-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02432]
100763109  Fzd2; frizzled-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02235]
100751712  Fzd3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
100756296  Fzd4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
100762351  Fzd5; frizzled-5 isoform X2 [KO:K02375]
113834637  frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
100774509  Fzd6; frizzled-6 isoform X2 [KO:K02376]
100755785  Fzd10; frizzled-10 isoform X2 [KO:K02842]
100761155  Fzd9; frizzled-9 isoform X2 [KO:K02842]
100763041  Lrp5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K03068]
100772150  Lrp6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X2 [KO:K03068]
100770288  Dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X4 [KO:K02353]
100762587  Dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02353]
100773535  Dvl3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02353]
103163256  proto-oncogene FRAT1 isoform X2 [KO:K03069]
100758062  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 isoform X2 [KO:K03069]
103160455  Frat1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 isoform X2 [KO:K03069]
100764150  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1-like isoform X2 [KO:K03069]
100761548  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like isoform X2 [KO:K03069]
113838049  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like [KO:K03069]
113838894  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like [KO:K03069]
113838895  proto-oncogene FRAT1-like [KO:K03069]
113834828  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2-like [KO:K03096]
100760865  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X7 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100758169  Axin1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
100750382  Axin2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
100750563  Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X2 [KO:K02085]
100767273  Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02085]
100773307  Ctnnb1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
100758298  Csnk1a1; casein kinase I isoform X6 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100757390  Tcf7; transcription factor 7 isoform X2 [KO:K02620]
100753225  Tcf7l1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04490]
100758400  Tcf7l2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X33 [KO:K04491]
100761200  Lef1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04492]
100759410  Keap1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10456]
100752102  Nfe2l2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
100756872  Hmox1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
100760905  Nqo1; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [KO:K00355] [EC:1.6.5.2]
100754357  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100753172  glutathione S-transferase alpha-5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100753467  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100753770  glutathione S-transferase A6 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100757858  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100768110  glutathione S-transferase Mu 6 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100766772  glutathione S-transferase Y1 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100767530  glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100750644  glutathione S-transferase Mu 7 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100750357  Gstm3; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100758427  Gsto1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 isoform X5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100753857  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100759107  glutathione S-transferase omega-2 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100750937  glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100768553  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100752137  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100753254  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100774867  Mgst1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100759236  Mgst3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100766034  glutathione S-transferase theta-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100765453  glutathione S-transferase theta-3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100764249  Mgst2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100765742  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113835189  glutathione S-transferase A2-like isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113835190  glutathione S-transferase A2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100767818  glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100689311  Gstp1; glutathione S-transferase P 1 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100757534  glutathione S-transferase P 2 isoform X1 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
100771594  Txnrd1; thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
100770343  Txnrd2; thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform X7 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
100770105  Txnrd3; thioredoxin reductase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
100764472  Hgf; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
100751933  Met; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100753832  Gab1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09593]
113830633  Actg1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05692]
100689477  Actb; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
100757342  Actl6a; actin-like protein 6A isoform X1 [KO:K11340]
100753067  Actl6b; actin-like protein 6B isoform X2 [KO:K11652]
100768809  Smarcd3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X2 [KO:K11650]
100770817  Smarcd2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 isoform X2 [KO:K11650]
100773634  Smarcd1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 isoform X3 [KO:K11650]
100773896  Phf10; PHD finger protein 10 isoform X2 [KO:K22197]
103161811  zinc finger protein neuro-d4 isoform X1 [KO:K22198]
100760706  Dpf3; zinc finger protein DPF3 isoform X2 [KO:K22198]
100773316  Arid1b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B isoform X4 [KO:K11653]
100771997  Arid1a; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X5 [KO:K11653]
100766868  SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K11651]
100769126  Smarcb1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X3 [KO:K11648]
100768250  Smarcc1; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 isoform X2 [KO:K11649]
100752036  Smarcc2; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2 isoform X14 [KO:K11649]
100756329  Smarca4; transcription activator BRG1 isoform X1 [KO:K11647] [EC:5.6.2.-]
100770307  probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 isoform X7 [KO:K11647] [EC:5.6.2.-]
100754162  Arid2; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K11765]
100763050  Pbrm1; protein polybromo-1 isoform X3 [KO:K11757]
100758832  Brd7; bromodomain-containing protein 7 isoform X3 [KO:K11723]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01471  Acrolein
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06793  Vinyl chloride
C06800  Aflatoxin B1
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C21641  Hydroperoxyl radical
C21642  4-Hydroxynonenal
Reference
PMID:20639898
  Authors
Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX
  Title
The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 29:4989-5005 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/onc.2010.236
Reference
PMID:26099527
  Authors
Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM
  Title
Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 149:1226-1239.e4 (2015)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.061
Reference
PMID:17295177
  Authors
Villanueva A, Newell P, Chiang DY, Friedman SL, Llovet JM.
  Title
Genomics and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Semin Liver Dis 27:55-76 (2007)
DOI:10.1055/s-2006-960171
Reference
PMID:16799620
  Authors
Breuhahn K, Longerich T, Schirmacher P
  Title
Dysregulation of growth factor signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:3787-800 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209556
Reference
PMID:19387255
  Authors
Minguez B, Tovar V, Chiang D, Villanueva A, Llovet JM
  Title
Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular therapies.
  Journal
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25:186-94 (2009)
DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832962a1
Reference
PMID:21829020
  Authors
Kudo M
  Title
Signaling pathway and molecular-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 29:289-302 (2011)
DOI:10.1159/000327562
Reference
PMID:23994386
  Authors
Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: the next generation.
  Journal
J Hepatol 60:224-6 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.019
Reference
PMID:11935086
  Authors
Rocken C, Carl-McGrath S.
  Title
Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 19:269-78 (2001)
DOI:10.1159/000050693
Reference
PMID:21303380
  Authors
Cornella H, Alsinet C, Villanueva A
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35:821-5 (2011)
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Related
pathway
cge04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cge04020  Calcium signaling pathway
cge04110  Cell cycle
cge04115  p53 signaling pathway
cge04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
cge04310  Wnt signaling pathway
cge04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
cge04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
cge04936  Alcoholic liver disease
cge05160  Hepatitis C
cge05161  Hepatitis B
KO pathway
ko05225   
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