KEGG   PATHWAY: loc04140
Entry
loc04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
loc04140  Autophagy - animal
loc04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar) [GN:loc]
Gene
102694874  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
102695073  insulin-like isoform X2 [KO:K04526]
102690467  igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102684310  insulin receptor substrate 2-A-like [KO:K16172]
102696987  irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102682802  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
102693755  irs4; insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X3 [KO:K07187]
102691786  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102685070  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102688673  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102695429  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102693436  pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
102696821  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
102687995  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102691100  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102690433  akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102684446  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102691207  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102685186  pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102697398  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
102696189  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X3 [KO:K07827]
102691327  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102687237  mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
102690777  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
102692545  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102691532  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102686784  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102683764  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102689100  hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like [KO:K08268]
102698202  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
102698706  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
102697582  hamartin-like isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
102698806  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
102688967  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
102693805  rhebl1; GTPase RhebL1 [KO:K07208]
102685538  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X2 [KO:K07208]
102682722  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
102698767  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
102696535  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
102692856  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102683567  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
102699241  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
102695696  rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102691816  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102687896  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
102682624  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102693815  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102688482  ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102686648  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102692791  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
102687477  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
102694618  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
102689799  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
102683217  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
102694629  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
102685005  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
102697472  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
102698702  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
102695872  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X2 [KO:K17907]
102693433  autophagy-related protein 9A-like [KO:K17907]
102690664  supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
102697513  smcr8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
102688429  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
102684712  clg4h9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
102695032  rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
102689395  rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
102691605  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
102687024  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102694367  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
102684782  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
102687379  rab1a; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
102690405  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
102689912  rragd; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
102694605  rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
102684679  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102693561  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102698529  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102688918  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102686951  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102698207  prkcd; protein kinase C delta type isoform X3 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102687878  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102692400  mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102691138  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102684940  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
102691042  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04570]
102687453  becn1; beclin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K08334]
102688648  nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
102682445  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102689720  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102697494  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
102693859  ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
102684182  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102695750  tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K21247]
102696879  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
102690625  stx17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
102688087  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
102690214  sh3glb1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
102689338  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein [KO:K19330]
102693525  camkk2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102693991  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102687168  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102694604  itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
102690036  uncharacterized protein LOC102690036 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102696364  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102693286  dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102683066  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107077995  death-associated protein kinase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102685223  hmgb1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
102689314  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102688041  eif2ak4; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102689266  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102696087  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102689349  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X5 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102687345  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102690661  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17603]
102687353  zfyve1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
102693463  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
102686863  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
102693910  atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X2 [KO:K17890]
102691392  atg16l2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
102690065  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
102689973  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
102692439  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
102682725  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
102697452  ras-related protein Rab-33B-like [KO:K07920]
102697736  rab33b; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
102698217  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102695187  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
102692447  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
102692047  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
102691899  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like isoform X2 [KO:K10435]
102692164  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
102686382  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
102689824  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102698689  atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102689389  atg4d; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102696977  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102689692  nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
102683734  optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
102683194  tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
102693869  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
102690438  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102687378  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102691965  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
102689238  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like [KO:K08512]
102694333  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
102697923  stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
102684384  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
102693574  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
102698587  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
102689416  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
102686954  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
102683412  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
102684799  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
102685003  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
102698367  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102683049  gorasp1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K26797]
102689334  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
102697663  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
102689033  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
102698928  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
102699139  rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
102685383  rab7b; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X2 [KO:K07898]
102691504  lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
102685863  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
102685900  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102682754  ctsl; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102691083  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102697123  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102696717  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102691800  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102698181  ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
loc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
loc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
loc04142  Lysosome
loc04150  mTOR signaling pathway
loc04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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