KEGG   PATHWAY: mmf04022
Entry
mmf04022                    Pathway                                
Name
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway - Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat)
Description
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is the intracellular second messenger that mediates the action of nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), regulating a broad array of physiologic processes. The elevated intracellular cGMP level exerts its physiological action through two forms of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDE2, PDE3) and cGMP-gated cation channels, among which PKGs might be the primary mediator. PKG1 isoform-specific activation of established substrates leads to reduction of cytosolic calcium concentration and/or decrease in the sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+ (Ca2+-desensitization), resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiac myocyte, PKG directly phosphorylates a member of the transient potential receptor canonical channel family, TRPC6, suppressing this nonselective ion channel's Ca2+ conductance, G-alpha-q agonist-induced NFAT activation, and myocyte hypertrophic responses. PKG also opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels and subsequent release of ROS triggers cardioprotection.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
mmf04022  cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
mmf04022

Other DBs
GO: 0070305
Organism
Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat) [GN:mmf]
Gene
118617533  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
118615480  EDNRA; endothelin-1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04197]
118622736  EDNRB; endothelin receptor type B [KO:K04198]
118615621  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
118615824  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
118618999  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
118632444  ADRA2A; alpha-2A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04138]
118630891  ADRA2B; alpha-2B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04139]
118616503  ADRA2C; alpha-2C adrenergic receptor [KO:K04140]
118629502  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
118615876  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
118616426  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
118633864  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
118627902  TRPC6; short transient receptor potential channel 6 [KO:K04969]
118634685  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118643595  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118632179  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118630745  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06268]
118641005  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
118615899  myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B-like [KO:K09261]
118642231  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
118637029  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262]
118618649  NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446]
118618225  NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332]
118639385  NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333]
118627722  NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334]
118621587  SRF; serum response factor [KO:K04378]
118615702  GATA4; transcription factor GATA-4 isoform X1 [KO:K09183]
118640544  myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
118640553  MYH6; myosin-6 [KO:K17751]
118627116  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A [KO:K12334]
118637319  NPR1; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118625748  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide [KO:K12336]
118629513  NPR2; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118632751  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
118635511  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
118624255  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
118632910  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
118635608  CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
118640543  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
118622320  KCNU1; potassium channel subfamily U member 1 [KO:K05274]
118615298  KCNMB1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04937]
118617323  KCNMB2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938]
118616928  KCNMB3; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 [KO:K04939]
118624366  KCNMB4; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04941]
118635452  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118638710  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118636912  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118637061  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118637940  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118638724  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118633048  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118634933  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118636327  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118637584  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
118633330  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118635789  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118637529  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118623540  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118640666  RGS2; regulator of G-protein signaling 2 [KO:K18154]
118642817  GTF2I; general transcription factor II-I isoform X1 [KO:K03121]
118618293  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118618784  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118628278  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118632151  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118632878  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
118623451  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
118621173  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
118628193  IRAG1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 [KO:K12337]
118621273  PLN; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
118640019  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118633780  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118642281  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118632939  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
118618764  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118630612  ROCK2; rho-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17388] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118623369  PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270]
118627965  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118630486  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118639818  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118640095  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
118640172  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
118617946  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
118619605  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
118627560  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
118628169  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
118636313  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
118643424  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
118630484  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
118638252  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
118631897  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
118617212  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
118618547  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
118626541  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
118639281  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
118619007  MYL9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 [KO:K12755]
118640526  CNGA1; cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 [KO:K04948]
118639123  CNGB1; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 [KO:K04952]
118620164  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118642779  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118630645  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118631458  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118617134  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118623920  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118639510  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118631528  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118642221  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118628174  PDE2A; cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase [KO:K18283] [EC:3.1.4.17]
118623983  PDE3A; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A isoform X1 [KO:K19021] [EC:3.1.4.17]
118627525  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B isoform X1 [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
118615325  PDE5A; cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase isoform X1 [KO:K13762] [EC:3.1.4.35]
118628194  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118615917  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118622989  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118615581  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
118616939  KNG1; kininogen-1 [KO:K03898]
118641341  BDKRB2; B2 bradykinin receptor [KO:K03916]
118626661  OPRD1; delta-type opioid receptor [KO:K04213]
118640633  ADORA1; adenosine receptor A1 [KO:K04265]
118632994  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
118620140  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
118637975  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
118628933  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
118615134  INSR; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
118625363  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
118622304  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
118636678  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
118619840  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118634593  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
118634929  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
118640620  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118619617  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118630299  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118638405  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118620067  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
118632329  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
118615314  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04142]
118622324  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
118630650  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118624224  KCNJ8; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 [KO:K05001]
118627971  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
118615375  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
118632500  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
118635695  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
118622548  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
118615394  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
118620018  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
118635791  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
118636454  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
118622563  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
118616075  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
118632332  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
118624959  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
118625175  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
118623538  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
118620417  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
118628166  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
118629628  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
118637511  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
118615816  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
118620061  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
118621725  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049]
118627989  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
118638390  vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein isoform X1 [KO:K06274]
118633343  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118628434  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
118615385  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
118640210  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118642307  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00144  GMP
C00212  Adenosine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:20716671
  Authors
Francis SH, Busch JL, Corbin JD, Sibley D
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP phosphodiesterases in nitric oxide and cGMP action.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 62:525-63 (2010)
DOI:10.1124/pr.110.002907
Reference
PMID:16439998
  Authors
Feil R, Kemp-Harper B
  Title
cGMP signalling: from bench to bedside. Conference on cGMP generators, effectors and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 7:149-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7400627
Reference
PMID:22785374
  Authors
Takimoto E
  Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Circ J 76:1819-25 (2012)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0664
Reference
PMID:16371594
  Authors
Hofmann F, Feil R, Kleppisch T, Schlossmann J
  Title
Function of cGMP-dependent protein kinases as revealed by gene deletion.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 86:1-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00015.2005
Reference
PMID:21685243
  Authors
Kuebler WM
  Title
The Janus-faced regulation of endothelial permeability by cyclic GMP.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301:L157-60 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00192.2011
Reference
PMID:21666108
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Desch M
  Title
IRAG and novel PKG targeting in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H672-82 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00198.2011
Reference
PMID:16460276
  Authors
Murthy KS
  Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 68:345-74 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094707
Reference
PMID:22965426
  Authors
Sanders KM, Koh SD, Ro S, Ward SM
  Title
Regulation of gastrointestinal motility--insights from smooth muscle biology.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:633-45 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.168
Reference
PMID:20024580
  Authors
Gao Y
  Title
The multiple actions of NO.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 459:829-39 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-009-0773-9
Reference
PMID:9003029
  Authors
Wang X, Robinson PJ
  Title
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cellular signaling in the nervous system.
  Journal
J Neurochem 68:443-56 (1997)
DOI:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020443.x
Reference
PMID:19306895
  Authors
Tsai EJ, Kass DA
  Title
Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 122:216-38 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.009
Reference
PMID:20388537
  Authors
Villanueva C, Giulivi C
  Title
Subcellular and cellular locations of nitric oxide synthase isoforms as determinants of health and disease.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 49:307-16 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.004
Reference
PMID:15894227
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Hofmann F
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinases in drug discovery.
  Journal
Drug Discov Today 10:627-34 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03406-9
Reference
PMID:18040025
  Authors
Kass DA, Champion HC, Beavo JA
  Title
Phosphodiesterase type 5: expanding roles in cardiovascular regulation.
  Journal
Circ Res 101:1084-95 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.162511
Reference
PMID:16815627
  Authors
Uckert S, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Truss MC, Jonas U, Stief CG
  Title
Update on phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes as pharmacologic targets in urology: present and future.
  Journal
Eur Urol 50:1194-207; discussion 1207 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.05.025
Reference
PMID:12524221
  Authors
Yan C, Kim D, Aizawa T, Berk BC
  Title
Functional interplay between angiotensin II and nitric oxide: cyclic GMP as a key mediator.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:26-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000046231.17365.9D
Reference
PMID:17643091
  Authors
McKinsey TA, Kass DA
  Title
Small-molecule therapies for cardiac hypertrophy: moving beneath the cell surface.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:617-35 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2193
Reference
PMID:19961855
  Authors
Koitabashi N, Aiba T, Hesketh GG, Rowell J, Zhang M, Takimoto E, Tomaselli GF, Kass DA
  Title
Cyclic GMP/PKG-dependent inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity and expression negatively regulates cardiomyocyte NFAT activation Novel mechanism of cardiac stress modulation by PDE5 inhibition.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 48:713-24 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.11.015
Reference
PMID:18006449
  Authors
Costa AD, Pierre SV, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Garlid KD
  Title
cGMP signalling in pre- and post-conditioning: the role of mitochondria.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 77:344-52 (2008)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvm050
Reference
PMID:19176601
  Authors
Boengler K, Schulz R, Heusch G
  Title
Loss of cardioprotection with ageing.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 83:247-61 (2009)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvp033
Reference
PMID:18757523
  Authors
Gao Y, Portugal AD, Liu J, Negash S, Zhou W, Tian J, Xiang R, Longo LD, Raj JU
  Title
Preservation of cGMP-induced relaxation of pulmonary veins of fetal lambs exposed to chronic high altitude hypoxia: role of PKG and Rho kinase.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295:L889-96 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00463.2007
Reference
PMID:11522789
  Authors
Li Z, Xi X, Du X
  Title
A mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in the activation of platelet integrin alpha IIbbeta3.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:42226-32 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M106129200
Reference
PMID:23212367
  Authors
Xie J, Cha SK, An SW, Kuro-O M, Birnbaumer L, Huang CL
  Title
Cardioprotection by Klotho through downregulation of TRPC6 channels in the mouse heart.
  Journal
Nat Commun 3:1238 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms2240
Related
pathway
mmf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mmf04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mmf04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
mmf04210  Apoptosis
mmf04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
mmf04744  Phototransduction
KO pathway
ko04022   
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