KEGG   PATHWAY: vvp05012
Entry
vvp05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
vvp05012  Parkinson disease
vvp05012

Organism
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) [GN:vvp]
Gene
112907458  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
112925297  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
112932168  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
112932169  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
112925994  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
112911158  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
112918267  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
112925393  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
112913504  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112908063  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112924478  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112925992  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
112907260  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112911352  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112913082  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
112907861  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
112915259  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
112924926  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
112907445  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112930581  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112926145  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112908420  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112909535  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112924762  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112932949  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
112919643  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
112928888  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
112907440  SEPT5; septin-5 [KO:K04557]
112910205  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
112935344  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112925815  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112909882  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112925711  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112932242  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112918261  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112927045  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112923316  proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112919437  proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112921385  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112924797  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112927863  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112917800  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112916303  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit beta type-2-A-like [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112914688  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112926503  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112925212  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112907743  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112925380  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
112907372  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
112928382  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
112921425  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
112924065  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
112920708  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
112926260  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
112925511  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
112917774  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
112935183  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
112920725  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K03035]
112918007  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036]
112909345  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
112929480  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
112914417  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
112907759  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
112916468  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
112928418  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
112924918  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
112919659  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
112927180  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
112926172  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112915227  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
112930936  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
112931188  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
112907343  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
112907557  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
112933710  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
112931026  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112924513  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112927337  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112911701  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112920687  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
112919843  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
112913302  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
112917203  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
112913900  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
112928123  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112927875  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
112914298  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
112922347  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
112920645  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112906911  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
112916653  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112927184  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112934037  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
112924141  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
112929992  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112929998  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112935444  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
112916463  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112925441  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112921138  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
112918872  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
112914850  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
112935643  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
112911172  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
112922386  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
112918828  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
112913874  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
112908379  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
112927212  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
112922913  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
112920755  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
112932885  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
112924066  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
112926819  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
4355757  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355758  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355759  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355760  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355761  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355762  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355763  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112924173  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112925281  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112908003  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
112921285  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein AF-9-like [KO:K03944]
112910581  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
112930992  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
112934215  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
112909425  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
112926594  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
112922356  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03948]
112923930  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
112935100  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
112935298  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
112933985  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
112909652  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
112927842  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
112917371  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
112908750  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
112908301  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
112911844  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
112930692  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
112912796  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
112909583  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
112921738  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
112906994  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
112922878  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
112913474  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
112926224  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
112927561  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
112908162  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
112914900  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
112915972  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
112909101  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
112907284  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
112922840  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112910060  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112924059  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112933775  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
112914646  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
112935439  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
112935521  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112924170  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112931904  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
112928610  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
112935451  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112929796  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112910067  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
112925062  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236]
112925986  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
112911861  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
4355756  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
112911146  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
112912006  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
112908289  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
112914767  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
112931295  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
112917073  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
112909861  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
112935582  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
4355755  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355753  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355754  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
112909925  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
112924604  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
112935489  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
112909475  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
112915186  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02265]
112929276  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02266]
112932900  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
112934250  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
112909354  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
112928325  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
112924081  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
112907642  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
112916951  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
112928553  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112916609  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112926364  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112909193  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
112933364  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
112917594  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112931001  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
112915513  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112924328  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
112911812  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
112923333  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
112918846  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
112922371  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
112933524  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
112907088  ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02134]
112935517  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
112932252  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
4355751  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
112907195  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
112916561  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112917836  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112921187  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112933281  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
112909275  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
112917673  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
112933484  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
112920787  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
4355752  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
112929829  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112924193  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
112921054  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112916707  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
112923262  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
112917061  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862]
112927770  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
112916160  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
112929965  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
112910590  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
112931611  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
112934741  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
112908953  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
112924865  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
112916549  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
112915706  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112930669  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
112929772  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
112934766  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112924680  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
112909902  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
112931372  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
112926220  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112929755  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112926866  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112921588  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112922341  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
112930295  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112924226  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
112914003  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
112931259  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112907504  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
112934546  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
112916319  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spliceosome-associated protein 49-like [KO:K07374]
112907570  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
112911068  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
112922521  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
112922524  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
112921105  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
112921106  TUBA1C; tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
112917444  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
112907429  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
112911411  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112925302  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
112911823  TUBB4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
112913571  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
112924650  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
112907400  tubulin beta-2A chain-like [KO:K07375]
112907410  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
112932261  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
112924853  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
112926138  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
112916374  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
112929086  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
112923051  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
112913887  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
112919386  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112913098  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112911881  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112919676  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112909262  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
112908040  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
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Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
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Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
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Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
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Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
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Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:25761946
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
vvp00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
vvp00350  Tyrosine metabolism
vvp03050  Proteasome
vvp04020  Calcium signaling pathway
vvp04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
vvp04137  Mitophagy - animal
vvp04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
vvp04210  Apoptosis
vvp04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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