KEGG   PATHWAY: uah04140
Entry
uah04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Ursus arctos (brown bear)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
uah04140  Autophagy - animal
uah04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Ursus arctos (brown bear) [GN:uah]
Gene
113240841  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113240885  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113241023  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
113241074  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
113241147  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X8 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113241174  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
113241232  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113241426  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
113241493  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
113241992  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
113242019  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
113242045  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113242208  [KO:K21245]
113242209  [KO:K21245]
113242341  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
113242413  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
113242471  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X2 [KO:K07898]
113242804  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113242818  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113242822  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113242992  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113243106  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113243140  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
113243278  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
113243291  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
113243572  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113243953  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
113243960  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
113244028  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113244147  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X3 [KO:K17906]
113244178  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
113244394  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
113244466  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
113244532  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
113244850  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
113245022  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113245080  TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
113245112  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
113245405  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113245586  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
113245638  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17606]
113246246  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
113246842  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
113246853  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
113247020  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113247055  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K08509]
113247197  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113247564  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
113247969  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
113248303  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
113249317  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113250330  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X2 [KO:K17890]
113250390  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
113250433  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
113250596  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
113250786  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
113250842  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
113251226  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
113251262  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
113251330  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X2 [KO:K08343]
113251536  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
113252072  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
113252098  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21250]
113252166  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
113252504  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
113252772  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K20402]
113252781  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
113253361  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
113253368  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X4 [KO:K23883]
113253490  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02161]
113253795  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K26797]
113253924  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113253984  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
113253989  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113254454  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
113254486  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113254589  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113254619  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
113254730  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
113254799  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113255181  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X2 [KO:K23610]
113255266  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
113255687  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
113256330  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
113256641  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
113256705  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
113256724  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
113256975  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113257114  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
113257139  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113257175  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X5 [KO:K08337]
113257190  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113257255  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
113257592  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
113257792  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
113257898  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
113257981  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
113258287  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20184]
113258406  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
113258461  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
113258517  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
113258520  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
113258976  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
113259094  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
113259157  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
113259458  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
113259973  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
113260395  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X2 [KO:K08491]
113260549  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
113260596  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
113260929  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
113261548  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113261555  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
113261610  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
113261737  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113262136  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
113262137  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113262966  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113263180  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113263188  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
113263646  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
113264784  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
113264818  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
113264828  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
113264980  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X3 [KO:K08331]
113264983  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
113265029  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
113265240  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
113265318  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K23282]
113265380  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
113265398  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
113265590  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
113265667  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
113265944  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
113266003  [KO:K21245]
113266547  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
113266853  ULK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113266875  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
113266925  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
113266952  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
113267192  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113267295  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
113267646  MAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113267858  [KO:K17445]
113267967  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
113268105  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
113268259  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
113268876  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113268893  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
113268897  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113269279  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
113269334  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
113269768  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113269787  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113269788  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113269880  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113269920  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113270369  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
113270510  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113270537  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113270911  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
113271114  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
113271267  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113271285  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
125282300  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
uah04010  MAPK signaling pathway
uah04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
uah04142  Lysosome
uah04150  mTOR signaling pathway
uah04152  AMPK signaling pathway
uah04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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