KEGG   PATHWAY: ccan05012
Entry
ccan05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Castor canadensis (American beaver)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ccan05012  Parkinson disease
ccan05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Castor canadensis (American beaver) [GN:ccan]
Gene
109674302  [KO:K02183]
109674432  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
109674509  Kif5c; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
109674794  [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109674831  [KO:K04959]
109674834  Tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
109674958  [KO:K02183]
109675180  Tubal3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
109675700  Slc39a8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
109675714  [KO:K04452]
109675843  [KO:K05863]
109676035  Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
109676707  Uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
109677773  [KO:K02977]
109678444  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
109678454  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
109679656  [KO:K08738]
109679762  Gpr37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
109680002  [KO:K03949]
109680062  [KO:K02271]
109680203  [KO:K02183]
109681155  Ube2j2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109681173  Psmb4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109681222  Psmd4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
109681298  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109681419  Slc25a31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
109681474  Psmd1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
109681478  [KO:K03032]
109681642  [KO:K00419]
109681684  Trap1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
109681758  Rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
109682016  Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
109682051  Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
109682109  Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
109682145  Klc4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
109682195  Kif5b; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
109682394  Psma4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109682505  Atp5f1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
109682703  Bax; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
109682729  [KO:K02135]
109683255  [KO:K02273]
109683399  Plcg1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109683432  Hspa5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
109683658  Psmb2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109683797  [KO:K03968]
109683805  Ndufb6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
109683819  Sem1; 26S proteasome complex subunit DSS1 [KO:K10881]
109683953  Psmc6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
109683965  Mfn2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
109684007  Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
109684083  Atp5g2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
109684225  [KO:K00420]
109684347  Nfe2l2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
109684352  Sept5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
109684369  [KO:K07374]
109684378  Ube2l3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109684554  [KO:K14717]
109684735  Psmb6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109684813  Mapt; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated protein tau [KO:K04380]
109684901  Psmd11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
109684937  Slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
109684952  Drd2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
109685196  Txn2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
109685658  Psmb5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109685725  [KO:K00414]
109685750  Atp5o; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02137]
109685908  [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109685909  [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109685921  Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
109685939  Psma5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109686002  Slc39a9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
109686063  Slc39a5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
109686065  Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
109686114  Atp5b; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
109686156  Kif5a; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
109686259  Ube2g1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109686287  [KO:K00415]
109686362  Ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
109686402  Psmd9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
109686552  Sncaip; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
109686637  Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
109686654  Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
109686655  [KO:K03960]
109686666  Daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
109686691  Itpr3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
109686702  Slc39a7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
109686728  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109686738  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109686755  [KO:K02271]
109686860  [KO:K03061]
109687056  [KO:K04959]
109687128  Klc2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
109687234  Atp5a1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
109687356  Maoa; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109687359  [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109687385  Tubb4b; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
109687580  Atp5h; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
109687643  [KO:K03948]
109687741  Ppif; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
109687987  Slc39a1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
109688031  [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
109688116  Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
109688206  Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
109688234  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
109688244  [KO:K20858]
109688250  Psmb7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109688480  Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
109688701  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109688706  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109688745  [KO:K02270]
109688777  Slc25a6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
109688838  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
109688989  Ube2l6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109689085  Adrm1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
109689093  Psma7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109689208  [KO:K02267]
109689363  Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
109689421  Ryr3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
109689665  Mfn1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
109689686  Pink1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109689754  [KO:K02270]
109689795  Th; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
109689825  Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
109689845  Atp5g3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
109690039  Apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
109690201  Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03966]
109690215  [KO:K07374]
109690217  Tuba1a; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
109690218  [KO:K07374]
109690244  Xbp1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
109690415  Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
109690448  Slc39a14; zinc transporter ZIP14 [KO:K14720]
109690509  Adora2a; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
109690697  [KO:K02268]
109690704  Camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109690717  [KO:K08738]
109690785  Uchl1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
109690795  [KO:K00413]
109690948  Slc39a2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
109691009  Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109691024  Atp5d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
109691047  Slc39a3; zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
109691074  Tuba4a; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
109691186  Slc39a4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
109691221  Calm3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109691228  Drd1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
109691449  Calml6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109691474  Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
109691756  [KO:K02183]
109691766  Bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
109691792  [KO:K02263]
109691798  Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
109691841  [KO:K02263]
109691931  [KO:K00417]
109692075  Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109692259  Atp5c1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
109692310  Ubb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
109692322  Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109692393  Klc3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
109692441  Htra2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
109692485  Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
109692548  Casp9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
109692595  Psmd14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
109692680  Psmd6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
109692693  Uba7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
109692761  Tubb3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
109692780  Atp5e; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
109692781  Tubb1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
109692784  Gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
109692786  [KO:K04632]
109692834  Ube2j1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 isoform X1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109692935  Txn; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
109692958  Atp5g1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
109692972  Uba1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
109693025  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
109693090  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
109693174  Keap1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
109693207  Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109693226  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
109693457  Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
109693467  Slc39a6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
109693530  Tubb; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
109693642  Vdac2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
109694093  Psmd2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
109694299  Tubb4a; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
109694416  Psmd3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
109694714  Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
109694781  Dusp1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
109694960  Ube2g2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109695224  [KO:K03949]
109695241  [KO:K00416]
109695446  Psma1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109695535  [KO:K02137]
109695827  Psmd8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
109695951  [KO:K02264]
109696090  Gnal; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
109696098  Tubb6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
109696108  [KO:K03961]
109696164  [KO:K02266]
109696178  Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109696180  Psmc3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
109696182  Slc39a13; zinc transporter ZIP13 [KO:K14719]
109696280  [KO:K02267]
109696281  Calm2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109696387  Psma2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109696391  Atp5j; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
109696394  [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109696398  Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
109696602  [KO:K00418]
109696639  [KO:K02267]
109696737  [KO:K21398]
109696991  [KO:K03948]
109696998  Psmd12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
109697041  Map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109697168  Ndufa9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
109697205  Psmd7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
109697268  Psma6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109697402  Slc39a12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
109697439  [KO:K02270]
109697493  [KO:K08738]
109697500  Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109697510  Klc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinesin light chain 1 [KO:K10407]
109697584  Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
109697613  Atf6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
109697895  [KO:K07375]
109697924  Park7; protein deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
109697926  Psmc4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
109698262  Slc6a3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
109698437  Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03951]
109698506  Psmb3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109698912  Tubb2b; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
109698939  [KO:K07375]
109699108  [KO:K02135]
109699136  Psmc1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03062]
109699140  Calm1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109699151  Ndufa13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
109699340  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
109699440  Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
109699487  [KO:K00420]
109699492  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
109699533  Psmd13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
109699534  [KO:K02273]
109699535  [KO:K02266]
109699540  Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03938]
109699584  Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
109699635  Ndufab1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
109699676  Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
109699960  Ndufv2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109700071  Sod1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
109700105  Psma3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109700211  [KO:K15040]
109700514  Ubc; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
109700522  Psmc5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
109700648  [KO:K07374]
109700669  Slc18a2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
109700699  [KO:K02265]
109700766  Psmb1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109700840  Calml5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
109700844  [KO:K02183]
109700877  Lrrk2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109700908  [KO:K02183]
109701078  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109701145  Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
109701172  [KO:K02272]
109701230  Snca; alpha-synuclein isoform X1 [KO:K04528]
109702067  [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
109702158  [KO:K14716]
109702253  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
109702887  [KO:K07375]
109703004  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
31082893  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082897  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082903  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
31082906  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
31082908  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
31082909  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
31082910  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
31082912  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082914  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082915  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082919  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
31082921  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
  Journal
Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
  Journal
J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02423.x
Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
  Journal
Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.153
Reference
PMID:27829983
  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
  Journal
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
DOI:10.1155/2016/3472032
Reference
PMID:21674642
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/biof.159
Reference
PMID:24522549
  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
  Title
Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s12017-014-8294-x
Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.008
Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_8
Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s10863-019-09798-4
Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
  Journal
Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
DOI:10.1007/s11064-018-2673-x
Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s00702-019-01997-y
Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
  Journal
Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0090-6
Related
pathway
ccan00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ccan00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ccan03050  Proteasome
ccan04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ccan04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ccan04137  Mitophagy - animal
ccan04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ccan04210  Apoptosis
ccan04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system