KEGG   PATHWAY: gat04140
Entry
gat04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
gat04140  Autophagy - animal
gat04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) [GN:gat]
Gene
120822893  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
120832004  igf1rb; insulin-like growth factor 1b receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120809290  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120812613  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120812690  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120822124  si:ch73-335l21.1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
120822445  si:ch211-284e13.4; insulin receptor substrate 1-B [KO:K16172]
120833892  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
120825688  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2-like [KO:K07187]
120822033  insulin receptor substrate 2-B [KO:K07187]
120815991  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120823571  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120829803  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120820925  pik3cb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120822125  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120831616  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
120816124  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like [KO:K02649]
120823475  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120823622  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120830750  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
120815842  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
120818979  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120832554  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120816700  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120825835  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120820483  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120821432  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120819653  ptenb; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
120820607  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
120808880  GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
120812270  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
120808991  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120827241  zgc:55558 [KO:K07827]
120812377  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120833968  mrasa; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
120834158  rras2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
120827259  rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
120829430  raf1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120808861  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120816299  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120823910  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120831071  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120827198  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120818000  hif1al; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, like [KO:K08268]
100174896  hif-1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha [KO:K08268]
120819296  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
120820464  DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein-like [KO:K08270]
120824746  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
120831883  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
120813988  hamartin-like [KO:K07206]
120831832  zgc:73226; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
120820695  bnip4; BCL2 interacting protein 4 [KO:K15464]
120835374  rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
120815884  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
120824991  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
120834918  si:dkeyp-97e7.9; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
120810630  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
120829137  mtor; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120827382  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
120819495  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
120825409  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2-like [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120821610  rps6kb1a; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120828045  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120817958  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
120830754  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120817773  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120821562  ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120831167  ulk1a; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1a isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120831614  ulk1b; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120817852  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120815762  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
120822823  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
120815904  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
120832801  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
120816932  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
120819385  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
120827899  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
120828218  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
120831745  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
120819555  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
120833003  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
120815974  atg9b; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
120822376  supt20; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
120825553  smcr8b; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8b [KO:K23611]
120827415  smcr8a; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a [KO:K23611]
120831620  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
120833230  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
120824247  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
120814541  ras-related protein Rab-8A-like [KO:K07901]
120826230  rab42a; ras-related protein Rab-42a [KO:K07925]
120821821  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
120813011  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
120817322  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
120817720  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120834247  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
120825345  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
120820439  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
120828636  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
120821653  rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
120833324  rragd; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
120810005  rragca; ras-related GTP binding Ca [KO:K16186]
120826589  rragcb; ras-related GTP binding Cb [KO:K16186]
120815818  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120831523  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120814817  prkaa2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120816180  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120823962  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120825751  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120827282  prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120834638  prkcda; protein kinase C, delta a [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120831463  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120817444  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120819217  mapk8b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120820300  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120815681  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
120834920  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120828689  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120821354  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
100174867  atg6; beclin 1 [KO:K08334]
120819032  nrbf2b; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2b [KO:K21246]
120810451  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120822141  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
120832418  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
120808843  ambra1b; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1b isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
120812637  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100174890  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120828062  vacuole membrane protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
120810897  stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
120822344  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
120832496  endophilin-B1-like [KO:K11248]
120811673  sh3glb1a; endophilin-B1a [KO:K11248]
120823856  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
120831812  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120833079  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120808062  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120825078  ern2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120827844  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120835398  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120835789  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120833828  death-associated protein kinase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120816191  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120830293  dapk1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120809017  dapk2b; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120826486  si:dkey-240h12.4; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120821450  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
120822396  hmgb1b; high mobility group protein B1b [KO:K10802]
120832780  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120832513  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120807649  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
120831371  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120821930  mtmr4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120834922  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120832528  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
120808541  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
120818919  si:ch211-11n16.2; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
120810210  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
120810241  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
120821915  atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
120828514  protein Atg16l2-like [KO:K20868]
120834635  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
120816215  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
120822181  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
100653428  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
120833560  zgc:101559; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
120817394  rab33ba; RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family a [KO:K07920]
120825156  ras-related protein Rab-33B-like [KO:K07920]
120816982  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120809261  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
120809404  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
120810880  zgc:92606; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
120821540  gabarapa; GABA(A) receptor-associated protein a [KO:K08341]
120834910  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
120809283  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
120818244  map1lc3cl; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
120825351  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
120812227  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
120823712  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120824215  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120825792  atg4da; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120828471  cysteine protease ATG4D-like isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120819242  nbr1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor a [KO:K17987]
120827293  nbr1b; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
120817604  optn; optineurin [KO:K19946]
120819461  calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
120826213  tax1bp1a; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
120810761  tax1bp1b; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
120830249  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
120823919  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
120820900  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
120821518  ubb; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
120830432  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
120831782  si:ch73-234b20.5; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08512]
120830726  vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
120830947  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
120808545  stx7l; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
120830122  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
120819347  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
120822283  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
120829227  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
120807837  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
120830996  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
120832782  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
120811342  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
120821068  birc6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120815988  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1-like [KO:K26797]
120811923  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
120833661  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
120815610  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2-like [KO:K26797]
120835448  ras-related protein rab7 [KO:K07897]
120835775  ras-related protein rab7-like [KO:K07897]
120833997  lamp1b; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1b [KO:K06528]
120817272  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
120809622  lamp1a; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1a [KO:K06528]
120834419  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120828220  napsa; napsin-A isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120833236  ctsl.1; cathepsin L.1 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120830268  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120814886  cts12; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120831608  ctsba; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
120807896  cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
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Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
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Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
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Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
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Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
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Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
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Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
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J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
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Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
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Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
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Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
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Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
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Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
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Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
gat04010  MAPK signaling pathway
gat04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
gat04142  Lysosome
gat04150  mTOR signaling pathway
gat04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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