Entry
Name
Cell cycle - Labeo rohita (rohu)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Labeo rohita (rohu) [GN:
lroh ]
Gene
127152067 rb1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618 ]
127172601 smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
127168307 smad3a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3a isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
127180610 smad3b; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3b isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
127181773 smad10a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
127155092 zbtb17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 [KO:K10500 ]
127152634 skp2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875 ]
127166336 orc1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02603 ]
127178495 ywhabl; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide like [KO:K16197 ]
127179932 ywhaqb; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide b [KO:K16197 ]
127182953 ywhaqa; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide a [KO:K16197 ]
127177265 ywhae1; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06630 ]
127168119 ywhae2; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06630 ]
127174497 pkmyt1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase [KO:K06633 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
127175267 anapc1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03348 ]
127163133 cdc27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350 ]
127182464 anapc4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03351 ]
127166549 anapc11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03358 ]
127154741 smc1al; structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A, like [KO:K06636 ]
127155274 smc1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A [KO:K06636 ]
127156826 smc1b; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K06636 ]
127154245 smc3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 [KO:K06669 ]
127178774 rad21a; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A [KO:K06670 ]
127169294 rad21l1; double-strand-break repair protein rad21-like protein 1 [KO:K06670 ]
127163520 pds5a; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K11267 ]
127177386 pds5b; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B [KO:K11267 ]
127152461 ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
127176846 ppp2r1bb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456 ]
127165263 ppp2r1ba; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, beta a [KO:K03456 ]
127179835 ppp2r5ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
127168413 ppp2r5b; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
127175010 ppp2r5d; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
127175244 ppp2r5eb; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
127182992 ppp2r5cb; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', gamma b isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
127183176 ppp2r5ea; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B', epsilon [KO:K11584 ]
127183378 ppp2r5a; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
127167518 mad1l1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 [KO:K06679 ]
127168535 mad2l1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A [KO:K02537 ]
127169824 mad2l2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B [KO:K13728 ]
127170259 fzr1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1a [KO:K03364 ]
127169699 gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402 ]
127154806 gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a [KO:K04402 ]
127173084 gadd45ba; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta a [KO:K04402 ]
127167386 gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402 ]
127173994 gadd45bb; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta b [KO:K04402 ]
127152353 gadd45gb.1; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma b, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K04402 ]
Reference
Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cobrinik D
Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
Title
Surfing the p53 network.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uhlmann F
Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
Journal
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