KEGG   PATHWAY: nle05012
Entry
nle05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
nle05012  Parkinson disease
nle05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) [GN:nle]
Gene
100579447  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
100579668  [KO:K03671]
100579680  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100579779  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100579859  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
100579903  [KO:K02272]
100580069  [KO:K08738]
100580150  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100580173  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100580238  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100580290  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X30 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100580357  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
100580376  [KO:K07375]
100580455  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100580677  [KO:K03938]
100580691  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
100580736  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
100580871  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100580901  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
100581013  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100581245  [KO:K07375]
100581296  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100581336  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100581538  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
100581677  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100582034  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100582066  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100582106  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100582316  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100582353  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
100582452  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
100582544  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
100582575  [KO:K02266]
100582584  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100582706  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100582744  [KO:K03955]
100582845  [KO:K07375]
100582870  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
100582955  [KO:K02264]
100583181  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03958]
100583320  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100583326  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
100583388  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100583451  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
100583518  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
100583522  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
100583577  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X8 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100583621  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
100583725  [KO:K03949]
100583743  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100583804  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
100583839  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
100584104  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
100584196  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100584219  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054]
100584534  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100584579  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
100584581  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
100584639  [KO:K02263]
100584686  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
100584747  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
100584777  UBA7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100584781  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K03035]
100584861  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100584984  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
100585064  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100585215  [KO:K07374]
100585631  [KO:K02270]
100585634  [KO:K07374]
100585914  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100586090  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100586234  [KO:K02183]
100586264  [KO:K07375]
100586312  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
100586588  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
100586660  [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100586928  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02131]
100587119  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100587159  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100587193  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
100587332  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100587421  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
100587474  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100587604  [KO:K07374]
100587635  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
100587728  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100587731  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
100587987  [KO:K03949]
100588090  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100588160  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100588210  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100588257  [KO:K03031]
100588287  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
100588414  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
100588432  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
100588449  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10456]
100588568  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 isoform X2 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
100588635  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
100588818  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100588890  [KO:K02268]
100588957  [KO:K02264]
100588993  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
100589118  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100589320  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
100589402  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041]
100589568  [KO:K00416]
100589743  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100589757  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
100589788  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
100589976  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
100589985  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
100589990  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X3 [KO:K05638]
100590147  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03029]
100590226  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
100590311  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
100590369  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
100590430  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
100590500  [KO:K00237]
100590696  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
100590833  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100591213  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
100591412  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100591458  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100591464  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
100591674  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
100591828  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100591930  [KO:K02271]
100591941  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
100591963  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
100591995  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100592262  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
100592631  [KO:K00415]
100592683  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
100592992  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha-3E chain [KO:K07374]
100592997  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
100593013  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
100593202  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100593270  [KO:K00414]
100593565  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
100593978  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
100594201  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100594238  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100594431  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
100594477  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
100594674  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100594805  [KO:K07375]
100595133  TUBB8; tubulin beta-8 chain [KO:K07375]
100595142  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
100595152  [KO:K02265]
100595164  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
100595220  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100595330  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
100595437  [KO:K03671]
100595594  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
100595792  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
100595805  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
100595831  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100595948  [KO:K02266]
100596062  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944]
100596162  [KO:K02270]
100596329  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09488]
100596832  [KO:K02270]
100596846  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
100596898  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X2 [KO:K14720]
100596908  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
100596954  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
100596960  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
100597007  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100597079  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100597084  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
100597173  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
100597315  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
100597359  [KO:K02263]
100597944  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
100597960  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X2 [KO:K14709]
100598012  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100598146  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
100598207  [KO:K08738]
100598330  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100598528  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
100598663  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
100598666  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100598782  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100599131  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
100599135  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959]
100599174  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100599238  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:5.6.1.10]
100599614  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
100599727  [KO:K08738]
100599731  TUBA4B; putative tubulin-like protein alpha-4B [KO:K07374]
100599956  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100600027  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100600067  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
100600165  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100600288  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100600336  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134]
100600457  [KO:K08738]
100600510  [KO:K07375]
100600563  [KO:K07375]
100600579  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
100600612  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
100600690  [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100601147  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
100601171  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100601335  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
100601339  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100601353  [KO:K00418]
100601409  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
100601477  [KO:K03946]
100601532  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
100601557  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
100601615  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
100601643  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X3 [KO:K14716]
100601682  [KO:K00419]
100601815  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
100602081  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100602246  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
100602515  [KO:K02271]
100602587  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X4 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100602594  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
100602647  [KO:K07374]
100602904  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
100602977  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03966]
100603049  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
100603253  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
100603263  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100603522  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X2 [KO:K06693]
100603586  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
100603746  [KO:K08738]
100603748  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
100603831  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
100603884  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
100604070  [KO:K03949]
100604294  [KO:K08738]
100604301  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
100604350  [KO:K07374]
100604453  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100604545  [KO:K00413]
100604619  [KO:K02927]
100604896  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04630]
100604897  [KO:K00417]
100605285  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100605308  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03038]
100605648  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
100605663  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
100605926  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
100605939  [KO:K00420]
100606187  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
100606311  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X2 [KO:K03039]
100606427  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100606552  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
100606561  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
100606613  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
100606627  [KO:K02267]
100606656  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
100606706  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100607066  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100607083  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
100607086  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
100607095  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
100607144  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100607157  [KO:K03938]
100607289  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
100607379  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
100607453  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100607527  [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100607741  PRKACG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100607765  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
100607838  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 isoform X2 [KO:K10881]
100607910  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
101176289  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X7 [KO:K04632]
101177207  [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
101178448  [KO:K03671]
101179576  [KO:K08738]
105738321  [KO:K02267]
105740041  [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105740562  [KO:K03038]
115830336  [KO:K07375]
115830354  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
115830355  [KO:K04632]
115832449  [KO:K02273]
115833278  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
115833541  [KO:K02273]
115833773  [KO:K07375]
115833880  [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
115834056  [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
115834433  [KO:K03947]
115834767  [KO:K02273]
115834798  [KO:K03957]
115835845  [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115835951  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
115836001  [KO:K03948]
115836963  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
115837303  [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
115837547  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
115837591  [KO:K02271]
16545229  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545230  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
16545231  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
16545232  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545233  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545234  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545235  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545236  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
16545237  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
16545238  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
16545239  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
16545240  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
16545241  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
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Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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Reference
PMID:26501339
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Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
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  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
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  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
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Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Reference
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Reference
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Reference
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Reference
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
nle00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
nle00350  Tyrosine metabolism
nle03050  Proteasome
nle04020  Calcium signaling pathway
nle04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
nle04137  Mitophagy - animal
nle04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
nle04210  Apoptosis
nle04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system