KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx04932
Entry
mlx04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
mlx04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
mlx04932

Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
118020856  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
118013760  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
118024211  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
118027255  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
118025746  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
118027047  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
118016059  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
118015656  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
118005442  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
118011983  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
118004424  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118020028  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118006556  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118016863  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
118019468  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
118006042  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
118022658  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118002024  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118014553  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117998062  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
118007057  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
118015829  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
118017535  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08524]
118000153  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
118024921  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
118018429  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
117999490  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
118013609  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform X1 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
118021052  LEP; leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
118019308  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05062]
118006925  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
118025805  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
118014186  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
118019366  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
118006331  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
118006463  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
118000245  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
118018532  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
118008887  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
118026822  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
118012033  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
118001095  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118001265  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117997742  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117997743  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117998558  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
118005676  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530]
118011345  cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
118004774  cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393]
118019913  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
118018155  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392]
117999338  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
118016057  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
118022776  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118010368  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118026506  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118011397  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
118024372  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
118017503  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
118000829  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
118002212  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
118019356  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
118007866  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
118007867  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
118009921  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
118018617  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
118022727  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
117998120  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
118014469  FASLG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
118010458  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
118022632  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
118007879  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118002128  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
117998657  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
118008672  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
118007843  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
117998245  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
118012958  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
118012152  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
118025823  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
118012283  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
118019630  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
118020883  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
118010074  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
118026509  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
118016140  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016431  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118026972  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
118024594  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118005005  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118012420  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
118006077  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
117999192  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118006627  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118016727  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
118008941  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
118026286  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
117997916  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
118013193  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
118000306  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118008679  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
118017566  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118011073  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118025972  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118004320  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118019915  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118013652  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118013723  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118020809  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
118021900  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118000958  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
118021036  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
117998612  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
118005969  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
118009157  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
118016476  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
118017734  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952]
118025758  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
118011878  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
117999128  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
118005738  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
117997521  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12-like [KO:K11352]
117998878  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
118005260  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
118009264  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
118002675  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
118025455  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
118021161  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
118012157  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
118007053  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
118006688  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
118018036  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
118005924  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
118025000  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
118015199  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
118026254  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9-like [KO:K03965]
118021712  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
118009645  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
118012110  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118014015  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118015844  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118006687  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
118006809  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
118021333  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03937]
118027278  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
118019589  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
117998200  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
117999059  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
118006183  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
118005112  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016147  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118022312  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
118023788  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
118008977  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
118004305  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
118006277  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118019953  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118001049  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236]
118014021  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
118013236  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
118022759  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
4355869  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
118015299  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
118005048  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
117999153  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
118019464  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
118015043  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
118008962  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118009132  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118014721  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118016628  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
118018636  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
118006000  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
4355868  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355866  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355867  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
118023493  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
118001502  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
118011354  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
118003100  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
118008215  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
118009813  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
118002938  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
118018546  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
117999554  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
118022877  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
118001264  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
118003073  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
117997912  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
118012351  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
118025026  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
118005417  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
118007814  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
118022879  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
118008635  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
118001468  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC118001468 [KO:K02270]
118015405  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
118010248  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
118026049  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
118016969  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
118013136  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118014377  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118009891  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
117998533  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118015981  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
118023545  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
118010255  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
118025936  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
117998506  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
mlx00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
mlx00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mlx03320  PPAR signaling pathway
mlx04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mlx04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
mlx04210  Apoptosis
mlx04668  TNF signaling pathway
mlx04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
mlx04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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