KEGG   PATHWAY: opi04371
Entry
opi04371                    Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Ochotona princeps (American pika)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
opi04371  Apelin signaling pathway
opi04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Ochotona princeps (American pika) [GN:opi]
Gene
101533323  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101528674  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101529277  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101527552  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X2 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101526286  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101528764  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101519430  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101523667  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101517485  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101523050  adenylate cyclase type 10 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101534210  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101525119  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101516221  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101528437  LIPE; hormone-sensitive lipase [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
101534801  APLN; apelin [KO:K05225]
105942155  APELA; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand [KO:K25355]
101517563  APLNR; apelin receptor [KO:K04174]
101525340  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
101516368  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
101531957  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
101525483  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
101529615  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
101536793  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
101530547  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
101532346  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
101528942  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
101528746  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
101531710  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
101521396  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
101516538  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
101516227  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
101531323  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
101531879  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
101524512  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
101519866  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
101535404  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
101531647  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
101534148  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
101517012  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
101524349  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101524739  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101529337  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101520538  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101524859  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
101526097  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
101516441  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960]
101521583  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
101526944  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
101532988  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
101522293  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
101516106  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
101519171  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
101529054  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
101529298  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
101516467  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
101522087  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X2 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101535394  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101520691  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101520570  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101536442  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
101535274  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
101516653  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X3 [KO:K05849]
101533536  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
101517477  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101526040  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101526659  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101526925  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
101533043  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
101536163  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 isoform X2 [KO:K12749]
101520724  myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
101531636  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
101534080  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101524465  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101522344  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101521899  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101520719  ras-related protein M-Ras-like [KO:K07831]
101532780  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101534290  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101533612  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105942099  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101529486  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101530701  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101525427  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101526118  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101528246  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101529521  RPS6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
101534593  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101520859  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290]
101533770  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
101533296  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101519021  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101525801  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101525384  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101516748  EGR1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
101528242  SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
101526503  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
101533047  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
101531631  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X2 [KO:K04503]
101521260  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B isoform X1 [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
101532025  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101525518  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101525966  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
101531849  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
101531578  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101526157  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X2 [KO:K10435]
101525725  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
101536083  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101525509  serine/threonine protein kinase OSK1-like [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101529543  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101520164  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
101524207  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
101526129  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
101530247  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
101535143  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
101527026  PLIN1; perilipin-1 [KO:K08768]
101527618  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
101524178  UCP1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 [KO:K08769]
101531755  NRF1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 [KO:K11831]
101533560  TFAM; transcription factor A, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K11830]
101535146  KLF2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
101522075  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101529238  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101522146  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04639]
101525109  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101517201  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101525309  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X2 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101533917  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
101528006  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
101532940  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X3 [KO:K04454]
101521240  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D [KO:K09262]
101533160  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101529841  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
101532983  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
101525575  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
101522787  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle isoform X1 [KO:K12313]
101529529  CDH1; cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
101525911  CCN2; CCN family member 2 [KO:K06827]
101531941  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101527810  SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K03982]
101525458  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
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