KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad04110
Entry
pcad04110                   Pathway                                
Name
Cell cycle - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
 Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
pcad04110  Cell cycle
pcad04110

Other DBs
GO: 0000278
Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102973239  [KO:K03875]
102973638  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
102973911  DBF4; protein DBF4 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K06629]
102973951  PKMYT1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase [KO:K06633] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102974224  TRIP13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K22399]
102974477  [KO:K02365] [EC:3.4.22.49]
102974664  MCM2; DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 [KO:K02540] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102974772  ESCO2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 isoform X1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
102974840  PLK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
102974912  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102974987  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
102975053  CDC16; cell division cycle protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03353]
102975352  ANAPC1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03348]
102975600  MCM5; DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 isoform X1 [KO:K02209] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102975612  ORC3; origin recognition complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K02605]
102975637  ORC4; origin recognition complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02606]
102975643  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
102975663  MCM7; DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 isoform X1 [KO:K02210] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102975742  CCNB2; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K21770]
102975752  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102976146  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
102976192  NIPBL; nipped-B-like protein [KO:K06672]
102976320  RBL2; retinoblastoma-like protein 2 [KO:K16332]
102976719  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102976727  STAG2; cohesin subunit SA-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
102977287  PDS5A; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
102977339  YWHAQ; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
102977345  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
102977723  [KO:K25228]
102977952  BUB1; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 isoform X2 [KO:K02178] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102978015  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
102978115  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102978263  TICRR; treslin isoform X2 [KO:K26117]
102978702  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102978879  SMC3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 [KO:K06669]
102979131  ATR; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR isoform X1 [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102979240  MCM3; DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 [KO:K02541] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102979290  CDT1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 [KO:K10727]
102979496  ESCO1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
102979525  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102979656  [KO:K04685]
102979673  TFDP2; transcription factor Dp-2 isoform X1 [KO:K09392]
102980091  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102980125  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102980166  [KO:K04802]
102980187  CDC23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog [KO:K03355]
102980273  CCNB1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 [KO:K05868]
102980440  [KO:K03094]
102980577  FBXO5; F-box only protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K10292]
102980916  CDC26; anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 isoform X2 [KO:K03359]
102981013  MAD2L1BP; MAD2L1-binding protein [KO:K26093]
102981310  CDK7; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02202] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
102981343  SFN; 14-3-3 protein sigma [KO:K06644]
102981541  WEE2; wee1-like protein kinase 2 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102981679  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
102981902  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
102982250  WEE1; wee1-like protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102982268  MAD2L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A [KO:K02537]
102982279  SMC1A; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A [KO:K06636]
102982286  YWHAE; 14-3-3 protein epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K06630]
102982384  [KO:K03094]
102982668  PTTG1; securin isoform X1 [KO:K06635]
102982702  [KO:K03094]
102983370  [KO:K03094]
102983421  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584]
102983470  MAU2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11266]
102983478  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102983495  STAG1; cohesin subunit SA-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
102983610  [KO:K11584]
102983644  CDC6; cell division control protein 6 homolog [KO:K02213]
102983697  WAPL; wings apart-like protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K25163]
102984173  [KO:K03347]
102984179  [KO:K16197]
102984232  CDC14B; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102984255  YWHAB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
102984273  MCM4; DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 [KO:K02212] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102984517  CDC7; cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K02214] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102984521  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102984768  SGO1; shugoshin 1 [KO:K11580]
102984833  ANAPC7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 [KO:K03354]
102984840  [KO:K06621]
102985069  BUB1B; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta [KO:K06637] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102985167  ORC5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 [KO:K02607]
102985179  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102985367  ATRX; transcriptional regulator ATRX isoform X5 [KO:K10779]
102985658  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
102985709  ORC2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02604]
102986126  CHEK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 isoform X1 [KO:K06641] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102986425  YWHAG; 14-3-3 protein gamma isoform X1 [KO:K16198]
102986517  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
102986518  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
102986545  SMC1B; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636]
102986587  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 [KO:K06627]
102986764  MAD1L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 isoform X1 [KO:K06679]
102986788  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
102986988  [KO:K04682]
102986989  ANAPC2; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 [KO:K03349]
102987078  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102987134  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
102987349  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
102987444  CDC27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350]
102987488  CDKN2D; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D [KO:K06623]
102987692  MAD2L2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B [KO:K13728]
102987952  ANAPC4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03351]
102988128  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
102988354  KNL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinetochore scaffold 1 [KO:K11542]
102988410  E2F4; transcription factor E2F4 isoform X2 [KO:K04682]
102988463  E2F5; transcription factor E2F5 isoform X1 [KO:K04682]
102988541  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102988701  MCM6; DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 isoform X1 [KO:K02542] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102988829  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102988855  CDC14A; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A isoform X10 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102989266  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 isoform X1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102989819  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X2 [KO:K23605]
102989901  [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
102990208  CDC45; cell division control protein 45 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K06628]
102990503  ANAPC13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456]
102990611  ANAPC16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 [KO:K25229]
102991021  [KO:K03875]
102991097  ORC1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 [KO:K02603]
102991168  TTK; dual specificity protein kinase TTK isoform X1 [KO:K08866] [EC:2.7.12.1]
102991216  CCNH; cyclin-H isoform X1 [KO:K06634]
102991290  [KO:K21770]
102991367  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102991594  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102991911  RBL1; retinoblastoma-like protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04681]
102992184  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X2 [KO:K03456]
102992318  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
102992327  CDC20; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363]
102992426  MTBP; mdm2-binding protein [KO:K26116]
102992519  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102992532  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102992659  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
102992980  TFDP1; transcription factor Dp-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04683]
102993015  ANAPC5; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03352]
102993019  FZR1; fizzy-related protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03364]
102993033  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
102993077  [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
102993122  ANAPC11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 [KO:K03358]
102993198  PDS5B; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
102993328  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
102993390  [KO:K21771]
102993403  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
102993481  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102993700  BUB3; mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 isoform X1 [KO:K02180]
102993732  CUL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cullin-1 [KO:K03347]
102993796  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102993806  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102993808  [KO:K16197]
102993935  CCNB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 [KO:K21771]
102993978  ANAPC15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 isoform X2 [KO:K25228]
102994095  RAD21; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog [KO:K06670]
102994228  AURKB; aurora kinase B isoform X1 [KO:K11479] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102994433  ANAPC10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 isoform X3 [KO:K03357]
102994779  DBF4B; protein DBF4 homolog B [KO:K06629]
102994793  ZBTB17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 isoform X2 [KO:K10500]
102994835  PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102995000  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102995201  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
102995350  NDC80; kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog [KO:K11547]
102995363  [KO:K03357]
102995437  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
102995638  YWHAH; 14-3-3 protein eta [KO:K16198]
102995700  ORC6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02608]
102995973  [KO:K05868]
102996184  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584]
102996579  PRKDC; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102996885  CDCA5; sororin [KO:K17390]
102996914  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
102996979  [KO:K09389]
112062207  [KO:K03347]
112062967  [KO:K21771]
112064309  [KO:K05868]
112064697  [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
112065788  [KO:K25229]
112067445  [KO:K09993]
112067463  [KO:K09993]
112067524  [KO:K16197]
114485354  [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
114486460  [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
129391324  RBX1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1 isoform X1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
Reference
PMID:7908906
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Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
  Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
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J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
PMID:8242749
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Welch PJ, Wang JY
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A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
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Cell 75:779-90 (1993)
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Reference
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Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
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Oncogene 25:5263-7 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:15838516
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Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
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Oncogene 24:2796-809 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:17568790
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CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
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Nat Rev Cancer 7:495-507 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:9832503
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Genes Dev 12:3499-511 (1998)
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Reference
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Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
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J Cell Sci 121:3853-7 (2008)
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Reference
PMID:10385618
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CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
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Genes Dev 13:1501-12 (1999)
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Reference
PMID:12809600
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Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
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Cell 113:685-700 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:12925736
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Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
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Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:10231-6 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:16212951
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Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
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Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
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Cardiovasc Res 69:198-206 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:15838523
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Harris SL, Levine AJ.
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The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
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Oncogene 24:2899-908 (2005)
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PMID:11099028
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Surfing the p53 network.
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Nature 408:307-10 (2000)
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PMID:7973727
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Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
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Science 266:1376-80 (1994)
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Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
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EMBO J 18:396-410 (1999)
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PMID:17018296
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Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
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Mol Cell 24:101-13 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:9029154
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Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
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Reference
PMID:17426725
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The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
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Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:379-93 (2007)
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Reference
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  Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
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Reference
PMID:15568976
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Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
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Annu Rev Genet 38:203-32 (2004)
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PMID:9618481
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Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:6733-8 (1998)
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Reference
PMID:26650195
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de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
  Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
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Cell Mol Life Sci 73:949-60 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:20935501
  Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
  Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
  Journal
Cell Cycle 9:3904-12 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/cc.9.19.13585
Related
pathway
pcad03030  DNA replication
pcad04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pcad04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
pcad04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04110   

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