Entry
Name
MAPK signaling pathway - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:
pcad ]
Gene
102973173 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102973556 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
102974002 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
102974079 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
102974293 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X5 [KO:K05453 ]
102974321 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04866 ]
102974369 ATF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
102974606 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
102974987 GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402 ]
102975335 CACNA1E; voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
102975643 TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375 ]
102975958 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
102976068 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
102976485 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
102977440 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K04865 ]
102977865 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
102978151 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
102978755 ECSIT; evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial [KO:K04405 ]
102978810 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04863 ]
102978925 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
102979832 RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12326 ]
102979864 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
102980413 LAMTOR3; ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3 isoform X1 [KO:K04370 ]
102980613 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158 ]
102981135 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
102981182 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
102981739 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X7 [KO:K05448 ]
102982169 MAPK8IP2; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2 [KO:K04435 ]
102982227 RAPGEF2; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08018 ]
102982689 HSPA8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283 ]
102982885 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
102982900 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ]
102983140 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
102983555 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X3 [KO:K05454 ]
102983558 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
102983590 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04403 ]
102983621 NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K04469 ]
102983972 CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849 ]
102984082 MAPK8IP1; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04434 ]
102984157 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102984161 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
102984762 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
102984905 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
102985097 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
102985520 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
102986061 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
102986375 CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
102986518 GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402 ]
102986670 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X3 [KO:K05452 ]
102986791 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
102987099 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X10 [KO:K04857 ]
102988187 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X6 [KO:K04858 ]
102989228 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
102989784 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
102989984 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C isoform X2 [KO:K05449 ]
102990276 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04392 ]
102990552 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
102990601 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
102990815 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X8 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102992313 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
102992898 MAPK8IP3; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04436 ]
102993033 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
102993403 GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402 ]
102994287 IL1RAP; interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein isoform X2 [KO:K04723 ]
102995288 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ]
102996495 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404 ]
102996804 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
102996980 MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ]
112063854 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
112065477 PPP3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268 ]
114484431 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
114487158 RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Chen Z, Gibson TB, Robinson F, Silvestro L, Pearson G, Xu B, Wright A, Vanderbilt C, Cobb MH.
Title
MAP kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanoue T, Nishida E.
Title
Docking interactions in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dent P, Yacoub A, Fisher PB, Hagan MP, Grant S.
Title
MAPK pathways in radiation responses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF.
Title
Trk receptors: roles in neuronal signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harper SJ, LoGrasso P.
Title
Signalling for survival and death in neurones: the role of stress-activated kinases, JNK and p38.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
Neuronal p38 MAPK signalling: an emerging regulator of cell fate and function in the nervous system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang SH, Sharrocks AD, Whitmarsh AJ.
Title
Transcriptional regulation by the MAP kinase signaling cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhu X, Lee HG, Raina AK, Perry G, Smith MA.
Title
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cho H, Lee J, Kwak NJ, Lee KH, Rha S, Kim YH, Cho YY, Yang KH, Kim K, Lim Y.
Title
Silica induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation through TAK1 and NIK in Rat2 cell line.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chu WM
Title
Tumor necrosis factor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Newton K, Dixit VM
Title
Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gaestel M, Kotlyarov A, Kracht M
Title
Targeting innate immunity protein kinase signalling in inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ajibade AA, Wang HY, Wang RF
Title
Cell type-specific function of TAK1 in innate immune signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner MD, Nedjai B, Hurst T, Pennington DJ
Title
Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease.
Journal
Related pathway
pcad04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway