KEGG   PATHWAY: pon04140
Entry
pon04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
pon04140  Autophagy - animal
pon04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) [GN:pon]
Gene
100147742  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
100169740  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100171453  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
100171454  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100171555  UBA52; 60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
100171656  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
100171805  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 [KO:K08331]
100171828  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100172025  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
100172027  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100172060  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100172156  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100172401  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100172461  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
100172682  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
100172729  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
100172847  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
100172860  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100172952  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
100173032  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
100173145  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
100173230  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
100173233  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
100173319  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
100173376  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
100173446  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100173564  CTSB; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100173580  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100173589  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
100173632  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
100173732  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100173749  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
100173865  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100173994  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
100174011  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
100174026  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100174029  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100174231  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100174298  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
100174304  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100174309  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
100174317  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100174344  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
100174370  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
100174482  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100174486  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
100174590  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
100174604  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
100174669  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
100174748  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100189828  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
100190815  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
100431725  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
100431824  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100431849  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
100431906  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100432760  [KO:K02927]
100432846  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100433568  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100433761  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100434731  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
100435221  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X2 [KO:K12650]
100435473  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X2 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100435776  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
100435791  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
100437102  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100437185  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15464]
100437217  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
100437405  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100437424  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100437522  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
100437617  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100438180  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
100438787  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100438981  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
100439470  [KO:K07830]
100440271  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
100440287  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100440733  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100440912  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X2 [KO:K07829]
100441050  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X2 [KO:K16185]
100441126  TSC2; tuberin isoform X6 [KO:K07207]
100441297  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
100441513  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
100441640  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100441972  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100442100  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100442255  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100443180  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
100443485  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
100443803  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
100443896  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100443914  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
100443994  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
100444699  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
100445030  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
100445445  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100445736  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100445919  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100445922  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100446021  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100446059  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
100446109  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
100446173  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100446658  [KO:K22991]
100446782  RPS27A; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein [KO:K02977]
100447214  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X2 [KO:K07208]
100447224  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100447267  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
100447385  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100447614  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X2 [KO:K20868]
100448114  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100448224  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
100448259  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100448530  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
100448934  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100449244  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
100449432  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100450374  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100450395  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100450988  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100451360  [KO:K02977]
100451574  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X2 [KO:K23610]
100451778  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
100451800  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X3 [KO:K23883]
100452233  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100452403  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100452609  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100452668  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100452979  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
100453051  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
100453305  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
100453615  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
100453770  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X6 [KO:K08337]
100453779  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100454097  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X2 [KO:K02158]
100454279  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100454608  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100454646  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
100455469  [KO:K02977]
100455475  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
100455638  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100455827  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100456181  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
100456324  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100456410  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100456715  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
100456786  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100456988  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100457992  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100458554  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
100458662  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17446]
100459133  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100459427  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100459428  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100459439  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100460109  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100460337  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100460579  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100460673  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
100460981  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
100461061  [KO:K02977]
100461235  SUPT20HL2; putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
100461261  [KO:K10435]
100461608  [KO:K21245]
100461759  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
100462513  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100936862  [KO:K02927]
100938429  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100939510  [KO:K10435]
103889133  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103889168  [KO:K02927]
112129400  [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
134759351  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
pon04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pon04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pon04142  Lysosome
pon04150  mTOR signaling pathway
pon04152  AMPK signaling pathway
pon04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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