KEGG   PATHWAY: btax04140
Entry
btax04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Budorcas taxicolor (takin)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
btax04140  Autophagy - animal
btax04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Budorcas taxicolor (takin) [GN:btax]
Gene
128069208  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
128066571  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
128069000  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
128057660  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
128043668  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
128070573  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
128045803  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
128061813  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
128068699  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
128050540  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
128044474  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
128066235  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
128060129  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128063870  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128067048  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128061491  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128068055  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
128068689  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
128047937  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
128044537  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
128044902  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
128063078  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
128060054  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
128043403  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128054045  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
128050664  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
128043958  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128062160  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128053931  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
128047579  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
128043920  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
128056632  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
128067943  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
128046520  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
128064589  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
128059129  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
128061687  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128063236  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
128065538  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
128064578  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128068526  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128070036  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
128051757  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128068193  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
128062633  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128064482  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128060076  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
128048049  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
128059087  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
128069275  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
128066396  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
128063927  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
128064420  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
128069913  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
128064475  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
128071520  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
128046935  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
128057482  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
128064415  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
128054297  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
128052346  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
128050786  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
128070413  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
128051656  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
128047841  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
128043255  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
128055355  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
128070299  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B [KO:K16185]
128052244  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
128044652  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
128053058  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
128050902  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128044580  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
128065926  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
128050339  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
128044465  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
128044536  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
128051495  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128047244  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128049619  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
128067358  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
128058470  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
128059210  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
128068977  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
128065289  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
128061248  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
128047954  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
128053755  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128067387  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
128054114  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
128060116  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
128060227  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
128058225  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
128064911  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
128052521  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
128060104  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
128044493  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
128047736  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
128062604  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
128053252  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
128064658  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
128046429  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
128051313  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128052867  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128053769  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128070027  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
128057499  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
128056196  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128053846  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
128054117  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
128064730  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
128062658  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
128056325  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
128054068  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
128054128  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
128053511  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
128044364  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
128060584  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
128043285  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
128050071  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
128051467  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
128046629  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
128066790  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
128062309  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
128058259  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
128063291  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
128065589  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
128049017  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
128062974  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
128058435  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
128061788  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
128050298  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
128069808  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
128044563  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
128045186  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
128065264  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
128058241  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
128064528  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
128046382  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
128049384  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
128051488  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
128058481  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
128056114  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
128063348  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
128044485  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
128046640  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
128067953  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
128065532  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
128062305  UBC; polyubiquitin-C isoform X1 [KO:K08770]
128062502  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
128056422  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
128046373  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
128053241  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
128067348  EPG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
128064907  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
128060111  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
128058328  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
128053945  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
128062253  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
128053912  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
128046292  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
128056703  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
128067175  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
128044954  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
128044528  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
128061795  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
128069764  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
128057468  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
128068646  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
128052286  procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
128052428  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
128052199  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
btax04010  MAPK signaling pathway
btax04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
btax04142  Lysosome
btax04150  mTOR signaling pathway
btax04152  AMPK signaling pathway
btax04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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