KEGG   PATHWAY: ko05206
Entry
ko05206                     Pathway                                
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
ko05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
ko05206

Orthology
K00312  WNT3; wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3
K00510  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [EC:1.14.14.18]
K00558  DNMT1, dcm; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [EC:2.1.1.37]
K00922  PIK3CA_B_D; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153]
K01110  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
K01116  PLCG1; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, gamma-1 [EC:3.1.4.11]
K01348  PLAU; urokinase plasminogen activator [EC:3.4.21.73]
K01403  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) [EC:3.4.24.35]
K01425  glsA, GLS; glutaminase [EC:3.5.1.2]
K02085  APC; adenomatosis polyposis coli protein
K02091  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [EC:2.7.11.22]
K02161  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2
K02163  BCLW; apoptosis regulator BCL-W
K02187  CASP3; caspase 3 [EC:3.4.22.56]
K02329  FZD3; frizzled 3
K02539  MCL1; myeloid leukemia cell differntiation protein MCL-1
K02580  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
K02599  NOTCH1; Notch 1
K02649  PIK3R1_2_3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K02677  PRKCA; classical protein kinase C alpha type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K02833  HRAS; GTPase HRas
K03099  SOS; son of sevenless
K04359  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A
K04361  EGFR, ERBB1; epidermal growth factor receptor [EC:2.7.10.1]
K04363  PDGFRA, CD140A; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [EC:2.7.10.1]
K04364  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
K04366  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04368  MAP2K1, MEK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.12.2]
K04369  MAP2K2, MEK2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [EC:2.7.12.2]
K04371  ERK, MAPK1_3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 [EC:2.7.11.24]
K04377  MYC; Myc proto-oncogene protein
K04381  STMN1; stathmin 1
K04438  CRK, CRKII; C-crk adapter molecule crk
K04445  RPS6KA5, MSK1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04451  TP53, P53; tumor protein p53
K04464  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [EC:2.7.11.24]
K04498  EP300, CREBBP, KAT3; E1A/CREB-binding protein [EC:2.3.1.48]
K04503  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1
K04513  RHOA; Ras homolog gene family, member A
K04514  ROCK1; Rho-associated protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.39]
K04671  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [EC:2.7.11.30]
K04692  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
K04694  SOCS1, JAB; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
K04702  PIM1; proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K04728  ATM, TEL1; serine-protein kinase ATM [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05083  ERBB2, HER2, CD340; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05084  ERBB3, HER3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05089  PDGFRB, CD140B; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05094  FGFR3, CD333; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05099  MET, HGFR; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Met [EC:2.7.10.1]
K05448  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A
K05462  EFNA; ephrin-A
K05658  ABCB1, CD243; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1 [EC:7.6.2.2]
K05665  ABCC1; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 [EC:7.6.2.3]
K05734  PAK4; p21-activated kinase 4 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K05762  RDX; radixin
K05859  PLCG2; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, gamma-2 [EC:3.1.4.11]
K05866  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 [EC:3.1.3.48]
K05867  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 [EC:3.1.3.48]
K06067  HDAC1_2; histone deacetylase 1/2 [EC:3.5.1.98]
K06252  TN; tenascin
K06256  CD44; CD44 antigen
K06279  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1
K06484  ITGA5, CD49e; integrin alpha 5
K06493  ITGB3, CD61; integrin beta 3
K06619  ABL1; abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.10.2]
K06620  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3
K06621  CDKN2A, P16, INK4A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
K06624  CDKN1B, P27, KIP1; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
K06625  CDKN1A, P21, CIP1; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
K06626  CCNE; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1
K06643  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 [EC:2.3.2.27]
K06645  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 [EC:3.1.3.48]
K07187  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2
K07203  MTOR, FRAP, TOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [EC:2.7.11.1]
K07204  RAPTOR; regulatory associated protein of mTOR
K07209  IKBKB, IKKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [EC:2.7.11.10]
K07410  CYP1B1; cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B1 [EC:1.14.14.1]
K07436  CYP24A1; vitamin D3 24-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.15.16]
K07606  VIM; vimentin
K07827  KRAS, KRAS2; GTPase KRas
K07828  NRAS; GTPase NRas
K07996  MMP16; matrix metalloproteinase-16 (membrane-inserted) [EC:3.4.24.-]
K08007  EZR, VIL2; ezrin
K08270  DDIT4, REDD1; DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4
K08670  ST14, PRSS14; suppressor of tumorigenicity protein 14 [EC:3.4.21.109]
K09283  HMGA2; high mobility group AT-hook protein 2
K09295  HOXD10; homrobox protein Hox-D10
K09299  ZEB1; zinc finger homeobox protein 1
K09389  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2
K09850  RASSF1; Ras association domain-containing protein 1
K10127  MDM4, MDMX; protein Mdm4
K10139  SERPINB5; serpin B5
K10145  CCNG1; cyclin G1
K10149  TP63; tumor protein p63
K10151  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2
K10373  TPM1; tropomyosin 1
K10577  UBE2I, UBC9; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 I
K10605  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein [EC:2.3.2.27]
K11406  HDAC4_5; histone deacetylase 4/5 [EC:3.5.1.98]
K11411  SIRT1, SIR2L1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 [EC:2.3.1.286]
K11430  EZH2; [histone H3]-lysine27 N-trimethyltransferase EZH2 [EC:2.1.1.356]
K11459  PCGF4, BMI1; polycomb group RING finger protein 4
K11592  DICER1, DCR1; endoribonuclease Dicer [EC:3.1.26.-]
K11987  PTGS2, COX2; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [EC:1.14.99.1]
K12035  TRIM71; tripartite motif-containing protein 71 [EC:2.3.2.27]
K12561  MARCKS; myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate
K12886  HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
K13376  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2
K13863  SLC7A1, ATRC1; solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter), member 1
K14021  BAK, BAK1; Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
K15379  SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45, member 3
K16172  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1
K16341  BCL2L11, BIM; Bcl-2-like protein 11
K16857  THBS1; thrombospondin 1
K16863  MIR21; microRNA 21
K16864  MIR10A; microRNA 10a
K16865  PDCD4; programmed cell death protein 4
K16866  TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3
K16970  MIR133A; microRNA 133a
K16971  MIR133B; microRNA 133b
K16972  MIR1; microRNA 1
K16973  MIR206; microRNA 206
K16974  MIR145; microRNA 145
K16975  MIR203; microRNA 203
K16976  MIR375; microRNA 375
K16977  MIR9; microRNA 9
K16978  MIR126; microRNA 126
K16980  MIRLET7; microRNA let-7
K16982  MIR34A; microRNA 34a
K16983  MIR34B; microRNA 34b
K16984  MIR26A; microRNA 26a
K16985  MIR26B; microRNA 26b
K16986  MIR15A; microRNA 15a
K16987  MIR15B; microRNA 15b
K16988  MIR16; microRNA 16
K16989  MIR103; microRNA 103
K16993  MIR125A; microRNA 125a
K16994  MIR125B; microRNA 125b
K16995  MIR29A; microRNA 29a
K16996  MIR29B; microRNA 29b
K16997  MIR29C; microRNA 29c
K17000  MIR373; microRNA 373
K17001  MIR223; microRNA 223
K17002  MIR17; microRNA 17
K17003  MIR18A; microRNA 18a
K17005  MIR19A; microRNA 19a
K17006  MIR20A; microRNA 20a
K17008  MIR92A; microRNA 92a
K17009  MIR155; microRNA 155
K17010  MIR221; microRNA 221
K17011  MIR222; microRNA 222
K17012  MIR146A; microRNA 146a
K17015  MIR200A; microRNA 200a
K17016  MIR200B; microRNA 200b
K17017  MIR200C; microRNA 200c
K17018  MIR141; microRNA 141
K17020  MIR122; microRNA 122
K17023  MIR143; microRNA 143
K17024  MIR150; microRNA 150
K17025  MIR181A; microRNA 181a
K17026  MIR181B; microRNA 181b
K17027  MIR181C; microRNA 181c
K17028  MIR181D; microRNA 181d
K17029  MIR195; microRNA 195
K17033  MIR335; microRNA 335
K17035  MIR106B; microRNA 106b
K17036  MIR363; microRNA 363
K17038  MIR25; microRNA 25
K17039  MIR32; microRNA 32
K17040  MIR30C; microRNA 30c
K17041  MIR100; microRNA 100
K17042  MIR224; microRNA 224
K17110  MIR30A_D_E; microRNA 30a/d/e
K17111  MIR30B; microRNA 30b
K17112  MIR27A; microRNA 27a
K17113  MIR27B; microRNA 27b
K17114  MIR96; microRNA 96
K17116  MIR183; microRNA 183
K17118  MIR199A; microRNA 199a
K17119  MIR199B; microRNA 199b
K17126  MIR124; microRNA 124
K17129  MIR101; microRNA 101
K17130  MIR128; microRNA 128
K17131  MIR192; microRNA 192
K17132  MIR342; microRNA 342
K17137  MIR483; microRNA 483
K17144  MIR135; microRNA 135
K17148  MIR193B; microRNA 193b
K17150  MIR205; microRNA 205
K17151  MIR214; microRNA 214
K17152  MIR324; microRNA 324
K17165  MIR23A; microRNA 23a
K17167  MIR215; microRNA 215
K17172  MIR451; microRNA 451
K17175  MIR520; microRNA 520
K17178  MIR210; microRNA 210
K17183  MIR31; microRNA 31
K17365  MIR7; microRNA 7
K17366  MIR28; microRNA 28
K17367  MIR99A; microRNA 99a
K17368  MIR129; microRNA 129
K17369  MIR137; microRNA 137
K17370  MIR152; microRNA 152
K17371  MIR194; microRNA 194
K17372  MIR326; microRNA 326
K17373  MIR330; microRNA 330
K17374  MIR331; microRNA 331
K17375  MIR345; microRNA 345
K17376  MIR423; microRNA 423
K17377  MIR449A; microRNA 449a
K17378  MIR494; microRNA 494
K17379  MIR602; microRNA 602
K17380  MIR615; microRNA 615
K17381  MIR625; microRNA 625
K17383  SPRY2; protein sprouty homolog 2
K17386  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B
K17387  KIF23; kinesin family member 23
K17389  MIR520C; microRNA 520c
K17390  CDCA5; sororin
K17391  IGF2BP1; insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1
K17393  MIR10B; microRNA 10b
K17394  MIR23B; microRNA 23b
K17395  MIR23C; microRNA 23c
K17396  MIR107; microRNA 107
K17397  MIRLET7C; microRNA let-7c
K17398  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A [EC:2.1.1.37]
K17399  DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [EC:2.1.1.37]
K17442  ZFPM2, FOG2; zinc finger protein ZFPM2
K17449  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4
K17454  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1
K17460  BMF; Bcl-2-modifying factor
K17461  RECK, ST15; reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs
K18050  PRKCE; novel protein kinase C epsilon type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19662  PRKCB; classical protein kinase C beta type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19663  PRKCG; classical protein kinase C gamma type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K20994  NOTCH2; Notch 2
K20995  NOTCH3; Notch 3
K20996  NOTCH4; Notch 4
K23551  FSCN1; fascin 1
K23559  MIR19B; microRNA 19b
K23560  ZEB2; zinc finger homeobox protein 2
K23572  MIR34C; microRNA 34c
K23581  SOX4; transcription factor SOX4 (SOX group C)
K23582  FOXP1; forkhead box protein P1
Reference
PMID:18817506
  Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
  Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
Reference
PMID:21402473
  Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
  Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
  Journal
Eur J Cancer 47:1127-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.008
Reference
PMID:19630570
  Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 60:167-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707
Reference
PMID:23075324
  Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
  Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
J Biomed Sci 19:90 (2012)
DOI:10.1186/1423-0127-19-90
Reference
PMID:22035854
  Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
  Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:739-48 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10243
Reference
PMID:22351564
  Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 4:143-59 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/emmm.201100209
Reference
PMID:21742789
  Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
  Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 91:827-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2010
Reference
PMID:22345301
  Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
  Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237:227-35 (2012)
DOI:10.1258/ebm.2011.011192
Reference
PMID:22580099
  Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:35-47.e2 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003
Reference
PMID:23462054
  Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
  Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
  Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
PMID:19773200
  Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:727-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
Reference
PMID:20128019
  Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
  Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:531-7 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i5.531
Reference
PMID:23165235
  Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
  Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.210
Reference
PMID:21565290
  Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
  Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:678-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.04.008
Reference
PMID:23091478
  Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
  Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:180 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00180
Reference
PMID:22926415
  Authors
Liu H
  Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 69:3587-99 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-012-1128-9
Reference
PMID:20345848
  Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
  Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 14:2240-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01058.x
Reference
PMID:23316212
  Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
  Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:310 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00310
Reference
PMID:20221895
  Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
  Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
  Journal
Pharm Res 27:1014-26 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-010-0086-x
Related
pathway
ko05210  Colorectal cancer
ko05214  Glioma
ko05215  Prostate cancer
ko05219  Bladder cancer
ko05222  Small cell lung cancer
ko05223  Non-small cell lung cancer

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