KEGG   PATHWAY: lav04140
Entry
lav04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
lav04140  Autophagy - animal
lav04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:lav]
Gene
100653731  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100653866  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
100653946  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100654232  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
100654943  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100654976  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
100655087  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100655091  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K21248]
100655153  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X3 [KO:K17906]
100655546  [KO:K10435]
100655646  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
100655727  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100655767  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
100655829  BECN2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
100656098  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X3 [KO:K07829]
100656325  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
100656411  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100656719  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20179]
100656888  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
100656909  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X2 [KO:K21249]
100656966  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100657354  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
100657357  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100657453  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
100657509  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100657536  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100657587  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100657731  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
100657753  [KO:K07204]
100657948  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100658035  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
100658106  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100658155  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100658240  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100658340  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100658479  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03237]
100659051  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100659100  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100659245  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X2 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100659413  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100659617  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
100659994  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100660030  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100660112  MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100660187  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100660353  [KO:K17445]
100660500  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
100660561  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100660638  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X4 [KO:K08339]
100660668  DEPTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
100660836  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
100660929  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
100661026  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100661112  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
100661156  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
100661164  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100661420  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100661512  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100661638  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100661709  DDIT4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100661762  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
100661766  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
100661985  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100662214  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
100662462  CUNH9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
100662519  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100662618  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
100663073  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
100663184  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100663305  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
100663561  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100663732  ATG16L1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
100663899  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100664028  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
100664132  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100664165  WDR41; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
100664422  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
100664585  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
100664968  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100665028  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
100665045  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100665157  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100665182  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X2 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100665309  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
100665393  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
100665585  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100665644  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100665890  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
100665927  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100666014  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100666249  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
100666266  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100666497  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
100666531  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
100666546  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
100666963  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
100667008  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
100667170  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X2 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100667324  IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
100667342  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X2 [KO:K20183]
100667382  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100667623  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100667798  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X2 [KO:K07874]
100668004  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100668187  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100668197  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100668387  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100668538  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100668916  [KO:K10435]
100669014  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
100669187  ATG9B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
100669221  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100669366  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100669427  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
100669526  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100669697  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
100670001  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100670071  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
100670084  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
100670181  CAMKK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100670459  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
100670924  TSC2; tuberin isoform X4 [KO:K07207]
100671034  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100671280  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100671446  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K16184]
100671462  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
100671471  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100671700  EIF2AK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100672359  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100672418  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
100673297  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
100673395  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100673487  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
100673563  EPG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
100674043  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
100674229  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100674245  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100674437  VPS16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
100674455  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X8 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100674567  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
100674821  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X5 [KO:K22262]
100675111  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100675138  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X2 [KO:K08512]
100675268  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100675496  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
100675552  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100675686  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
100675905  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
100676048  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X2 [KO:K08331]
100676127  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
100676230  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100676240  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
100676265  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100676308  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X5 [KO:K21347]
100676702  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
100676710  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100676764  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
100676904  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07187]
100677070  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
100677118  ULK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100677169  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
100677670  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
104847079  [KO:K07897]
104847191  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
lav04010  MAPK signaling pathway
lav04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
lav04142  Lysosome
lav04150  mTOR signaling pathway
lav04152  AMPK signaling pathway
lav04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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