KEGG   PATHWAY: leri04140
Entry
leri04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Leucoraja erinacea (little skate)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
leri04140  Autophagy - animal
leri04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Leucoraja erinacea (little skate) [GN:leri]
Gene
129705839  insulin-like isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
129713499  igf1ra; insulin-like growth factor 1a receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
129703280  irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1-B [KO:K16172]
129715098  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
129702352  insulin receptor substrate 2-A-like [KO:K07187]
129698328  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
129703732  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
129711734  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
129695104  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like [KO:K02649]
129700904  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
129706787  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1-like [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129699479  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129714205  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129704256  ptenb; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
129705671  kras; GTPase KRas [KO:K02833]
129694991  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
129707662  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
129708834  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
129699105  ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
129705954  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
129694103  ras-related protein R-Ras2-like [KO:K07830]
129704842  raf1b; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129712705  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129711246  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129709053  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129700112  hif1aa; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha a [KO:K08268]
129714079  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like [KO:K08268]
129712951  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
129706968  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
129712070  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
129703938  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
129693466  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
129714366  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
129714726  GTP-binding protein Rheb-like isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
129708213  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
129696576  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
129707502  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
129711647  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129713905  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
129706851  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 [KO:K08266]
129710580  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129702030  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
129701798  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
129701049  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
129710559  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129705861  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
129702980  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
129696304  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
129700083  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B-like isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
129706655  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
129708278  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
129708114  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
129696101  atg9b; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
129693618  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9A-like [KO:K17907]
129698385  supt20; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
129706637  smcr8a; guanine nucleotide exchange protein smcr8a isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
129694753  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
129695420  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
129711299  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-8A-like [KO:K07901]
129702076  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
129701581  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
129706378  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
129708572  ikbke; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
129698825  TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator-like [KO:K12650]
129699243  ras-related protein ORAB-1 [KO:K07874]
129714201  ras-related protein ORAB-1-like [KO:K07874]
129702190  rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
129709691  rragca; ras-related GTP binding Ca [KO:K16186]
129697446  ras-related GTP-binding protein D-like [KO:K16186]
129711310  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129695268  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
129700987  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
129700701  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129714364  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129704628  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C delta type-like [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129712993  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129701740  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129699899  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129711578  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
129707227  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
129710269  becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
129704223  nrbf2b; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2b isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
129706608  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129695860  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
129700187  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
129705862  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
129705871  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
129707280  tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
129710577  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
129713869  stx17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
129698401  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
129700721  endophilin-B1-like isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
129703222  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
129709407  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129697362  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
129706802  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
129708153  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1-like [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
129704553  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
129695724  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129713570  death-associated protein kinase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129711253  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129702561  eif2ak3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129700512  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129700347  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
129709349  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
129710765  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
129704767  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
129700495  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
129715772  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
129696909  atg5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
129703548  autophagy-related protein 16-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
129715979  autophagy-related protein 16-1-like [KO:K17890]
129704853  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
129695929  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
129702721  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
129698952  CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
129702031  rab33ba; RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family a [KO:K07920]
129707951  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129705422  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
129705464  map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
129699440  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
129707283  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
129715088  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
129702354  atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
129703461  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
129701106  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
129714537  atg4da; cysteine protease atg4da [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
129710290  nbr1a; NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor a isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
129707962  optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
129710113  tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B-like isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
129711904  tax1bp1b; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
129714735  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
129711082  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
129700006  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
129700715  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
129699881  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
129709232  polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
129710506  ubb; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
129709217  snap29; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
129713415  vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
129699396  si:ch73-234b20.5; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
129713390  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
129697249  stx7l; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
129695986  epg5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
129710403  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
129712281  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
129698562  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
129700435  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
129709388  vps33a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
129700441  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
129696194  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
129699814  birc6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129714755  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
129714220  gorasp1b; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1b [KO:K26797]
129698776  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
129704668  rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
129708912  ras-related protein Rab-7b-like [KO:K07898]
129702070  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
129702757  lamp1a; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1a [KO:K06528]
129705743  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
129713901  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
129695723  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129709920  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711248  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711254  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711256  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711258  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711260  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129711282  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
129699887  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
leri04010  MAPK signaling pathway
leri04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
leri04142  Lysosome
leri04150  mTOR signaling pathway
leri04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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