KEGG   PATHWAY: dle05224
Entry
dle05224                    Pathway                                
Name
Breast cancer - Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale)
Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
dle05224  Breast cancer
dle05224

Organism
Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale) [GN:dle]
Gene
111167007  ESR1; estrogen receptor [KO:K08550]
111173076  ESR2; estrogen receptor beta [KO:K08551]
111175004  NCOA1; nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09101] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111170158  NCOA3; nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11256] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111176238  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
111175871  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
111173942  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 [KO:K04684]
111183632  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
111164391  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
111168382  PGR; progesterone receptor [KO:K08556]
111174055  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
111163319  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
111175123  TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
111166300  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111183039  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496]
111186075  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
111184119  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
111170514  FGF22; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
111178181  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
111175159  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
111173604  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
111176641  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
111183603  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
111181612  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 [KO:K04358]
111187587  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 [KO:K04358]
111172624  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111185506  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
111169009  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
111163180  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
111184034  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
111180649  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
111176642  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
111173523  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111187819  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
111187347  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111186135  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
111184548  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111169672  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111167062  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
111170483  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
111167641  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
111181617  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
111182833  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
111174855  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
111173177  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
111170340  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
111176851  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
111179996  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
111165554  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111177653  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111168973  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111177745  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111165994  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111163022  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111182181  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111173839  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111179235  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111187262  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111166652  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
111185984  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111175760  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111172530  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
111177559  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111176008  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111180855  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111187265  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111183673  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111163760  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111165629  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
111175998  JAG2; protein jagged-2 isoform X1 [KO:K21635]
111167988  DLL1; delta-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06051]
111181726  DLL4; delta-like protein 4 [KO:K06051]
111180865  DLL3; delta-like protein 3 [KO:K06051]
111177023  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
111179961  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
111166554  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K20995]
111170944  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K20996]
111172508  HES1; transcription factor HES-1 [KO:K06054]
111187243  HES5; transcription factor HES-5 isoform X1 [KO:K06055]
111175631  HEYL; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein isoform X3 [KO:K09091]
111164944  HEY1; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09091]
111165345  HEY2; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 [KO:K09091]
111170902  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
111178743  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
111172359  NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04469]
111179238  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
111180026  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
111169289  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
111182576  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
111174269  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
111176602  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
111172090  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
111186418  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
111168811  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
111172662  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
111182565  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
111169279  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
111182925  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
111174054  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
111172091  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
111184814  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
111179093  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
111171737  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
111180740  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
111170218  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
111185390  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
111184951  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
111177938  FZD8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
111171775  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
111180361  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
111182319  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
111186950  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
111176773  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
111183646  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
111187117  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
111173388  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
111185664  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X4 [KO:K02353]
111172443  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
111172445  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
111168040  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
111185093  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
111182912  AXIN2; axin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04385]
111183639  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
111170519  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
111169438  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
111183077  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111182442  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
111165393  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
111172300  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04491]
111171490  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
111185755  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
111170922  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
111178438  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
111167640  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
111180640  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
111178690  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
111183968  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
111185272  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
111173824  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
111180943  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
111175081  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
111184273  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 isoform X1 [KO:K17454]
111163373  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
111181407  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X2 [KO:K06620]
111166258  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein isoform X1 [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111175212  BRCA2; breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein [KO:K08775]
Compound
C00410  Progesterone
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24649067
  Authors
Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL
  Title
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).
  Journal
Biomed Rep 2:41-52 (2014)
DOI:10.3892/br.2013.187
Reference
PMID:27390604
  Authors
Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z
  Title
Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
  Journal
J Cancer 7:1281-94 (2016)
DOI:10.7150/jca.13141
Reference
PMID:20436504
  Authors
Schnitt SJ
  Title
Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 23 Suppl 2:S60-4 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.33
Reference
PMID:23000897
  Authors
  Title
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
  Journal
Nature 490:61-70 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11412
Reference
PMID:22178455
  Authors
Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A
  Title
Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Treat Rev 38:698-707 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.005
Reference
  Authors
Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.
  Title
Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer
  Journal
Trends Cancer 2:35-48 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001
Reference
  Authors
Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.
  Title
Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies
  Journal
J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)
Reference
PMID:24596345
  Authors
Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S
  Title
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.
  Journal
Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)
Reference
PMID:23988612
  Authors
Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX
  Title
Targeted therapy for breast cancer.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 183:1096-112 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.005
Reference
PMID:22722193
  Authors
Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER
  Title
Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.
  Journal
Nature 486:353-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11143
Reference
PMID:25907219
  Authors
Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ
  Title
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 15:261-75 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3920
Reference
PMID:16113099
  Authors
Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL
  Title
Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
  Journal
Endocr Relat Cancer 12 Suppl 1:S47-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00993
Reference
PMID:24111892
  Authors
Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW
  Title
Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 65:279-92 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-051812-145316
Reference
PMID:23702927
  Authors
Brisken C
  Title
Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 13:385-96 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3518
Reference
PMID:20087430
  Authors
Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL
  Title
Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.
  Journal
Nucl Recept Signal 7:e009 (2009)
DOI:10.1621/nrs.07009
Reference
PMID:24291072
  Authors
Knutson TP, Lange CA
  Title
Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:114-25 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.010
Reference
PMID:25544707
  Authors
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A
  Title
The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.
  Journal
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19:253-70 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5
Reference
PMID:21965336
  Authors
Higgins MJ, Baselga J
  Title
Targeted therapies for breast cancer.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 121:3797-803 (2011)
DOI:10.1172/JCI57152
Reference
PMID:26028978
  Authors
Mukohara T
  Title
PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 7:111-23 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S60696
Reference
PMID:19088017
  Authors
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA
  Title
Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:8010-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1208
Reference
PMID:21898546
  Authors
King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y
  Title
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 113:13-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.23350
Reference
PMID:11737884
  Authors
Brown AM
  Title
Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 3:351-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1186/bcr321
Reference
PMID:21076461
  Authors
Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS
  Title
beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 24:209-31 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.205
Reference
PMID:20971825
  Authors
Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS
  Title
Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
  Journal
Mol Cancer Ther 10:9-15 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0677
Reference
PMID:26968398
  Authors
Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res Treat 156:211-26 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7
Reference
PMID:26040571
  Authors
Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N
  Title
Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 172:4228-37 (2015)
DOI:10.1111/bph.13211
Reference
PMID:23196196
  Authors
Karamboulas C, Ailles L
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:2481-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.008
Reference
PMID:23881035
  Authors
Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C
  Title
Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.
  Journal
Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:494-506 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124
Reference
PMID:25013431
  Authors
Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH
  Title
Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.
  Journal
J Breast Cancer 17:113-20 (2014)
DOI:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113
Reference
PMID:11879567
  Authors
Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T
  Title
The p53 pathway in breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 4:70-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/bcr426
Reference
PMID:15343273
  Authors
Narod SA, Foulkes WD
  Title
BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:665-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1431
Related
pathway
dle03440  Homologous recombination
dle04010  MAPK signaling pathway
dle04110  Cell cycle
dle04115  p53 signaling pathway
dle04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
dle04310  Wnt signaling pathway
dle04330  Notch signaling pathway
dle04915  Estrogen signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05224   
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