KEGG   PATHWAY: lww05012
Entry
lww05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seal)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
lww05012  Parkinson disease
lww05012

Organism
Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seal) [GN:lww]
Gene
102739170  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
102738541  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
102743109  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
102742813  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
102744630  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
102750373  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
102726697  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
102749575  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
102735449  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102729236  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102733361  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
102729718  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
102744843  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
102727149  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102750242  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
102744067  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
102731169  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
102728200  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
102746862  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102747337  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
102746286  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a isoform X1 [KO:K02977]
102750322  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
102728823  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102725729  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X2 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102730191  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102728001  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102731664  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102736708  UBE2G2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102729191  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102749986  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
102733230  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
102749420  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
102748615  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
102726186  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102742178  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102728697  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102726327  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102732016  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102731846  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102744679  proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102735057  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102733407  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102726024  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102750967  proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102743780  proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102738606  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102750232  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102734216  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102729420  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit beta type-5-like [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102732367  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102741625  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102738766  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
102735127  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
102742710  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
102733587  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B-like [KO:K03064]
102734962  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
102730851  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A-like [KO:K03065]
102738844  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A-like [KO:K03065]
102744184  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
102740490  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
102729219  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03028]
102726381  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
102732142  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
102743539  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
102737946  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12-like [KO:K03035]
102733625  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
102727443  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036]
102734157  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
102730277  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
102745794  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
102738935  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
102742786  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X1 [KO:K03030]
102728548  PSMD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
102727548  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
102746580  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
102739984  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
102730620  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
102738071  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102736921  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102731712  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
102738351  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102736922  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102738889  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
102732458  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
102735924  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
102726280  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
102750042  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
102726108  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
102734245  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102726493  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102743812  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102732377  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102736771  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X7 [KO:K04380]
102732355  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
102739407  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102735685  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
102745629  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
102727444  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102744669  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
102738896  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
102740266  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
102741207  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102733786  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102735186  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102744591  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102748225  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
102745259  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102745568  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102748609  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
102729274  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
102726791  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
102747939  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
102744867  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
102744060  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
102740733  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
102736284  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
102750836  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
102725917  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
102738324  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
102739692  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X2 [KO:K14715]
102725899  zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
102746883  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 [KO:K14717]
102733653  zinc transporter ZIP11-like [KO:K14717]
102737561  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
102744489  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
102737634  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X2 [KO:K14720]
4355832  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355833  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355834  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355835  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355836  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355837  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355838  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102730280  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102741816  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102739777  serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
102750788  serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2-like [KO:K03944]
102729606  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102732855  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102737691  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102741154  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102738817  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102730680  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102726008  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
102736299  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
102750335  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
102734122  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
102739680  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
102748935  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
102725676  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102739508  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
102737532  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
102736337  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
102745837  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
102736701  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102735213  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
102729262  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03958]
102748548  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102744463  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
102750139  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102735313  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
102728558  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
102741696  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102743373  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
102746787  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
102737068  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102732163  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102745264  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102733804  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102729898  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102742693  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102747789  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
102747596  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102729172  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102730433  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102739155  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03939]
102743648  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102732922  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102729075  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102735483  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102726721  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102741714  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102748861  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102736830  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
102727267  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236]
102741370  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
102733727  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
4355831  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102743128  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
102730420  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
102744846  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
115939220  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00416]
102735630  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
102737931  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
102738291  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
102748757  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
102750828  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
102731913  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
4355830  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355828  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355829  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102739587  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102726837  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
102737233  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102739940  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102728825  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02265]
102741669  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102726230  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102729404  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102729372  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102739519  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
102739825  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
102733758  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
102728289  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102727520  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
115937189  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
115938872  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
102746063  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102735900  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102727179  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102728579  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102750117  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC102750117 [KO:K02270]
102738272  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102748999  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102751186  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102732026  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102726815  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
102746126  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
102734058  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
102726356  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02132]
102740273  ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102737409  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
102744842  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02136]
102731891  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
102743740  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
102737722  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
4355826  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
102749655  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02127]
102741667  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
102737210  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102748087  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102738284  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102738632  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
102732723  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
102747804  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
102749060  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
102726045  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102742800  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102744084  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102746118  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
102733434  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102729055  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102733178  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
102745046  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
4355827  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
102739603  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102742377  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
102739535  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102732477  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
102748607  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
102751218  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
102734457  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
102747348  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
102725835  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
102734685  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
102750278  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102737381  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102745503  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102744216  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102725978  cytochrome c 2-like [KO:K08738]
102750923  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102726669  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
102729908  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
102725545  caspase-9-like [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102735000  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102746230  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
102727356  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102729504  apoptosis regulator BAX-like isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102733742  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
102729614  mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
102729153  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
102730586  kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
102739192  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
102729747  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
102737687  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X2 [KO:K10407]
102747438  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X5 [KO:K10407]
102736693  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
102743405  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
102731699  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
102746509  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
102731290  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
102749267  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
102739419  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
102739727  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
102742040  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
102729798  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
102734540  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
102745281  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
102731055  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
102732430  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
102725609  tubulin beta-2B chain-like [KO:K07375]
102726107  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
102742056  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
102733681  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
102743884  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
102726420  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
102740993  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102737132  nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05638]
102746119  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
102736343  thioredoxin-like isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
102735819  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
102730761  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
102738241  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102739504  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102733548  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102750662  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
102751053  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Reference
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  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:21674642
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
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Reference
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Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
lww00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
lww00350  Tyrosine metabolism
lww03050  Proteasome
lww04020  Calcium signaling pathway
lww04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
lww04137  Mitophagy - animal
lww04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
lww04210  Apoptosis
lww04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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