Entry Name Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map umr04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Ortholog table Organism Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:
umr ]
Gene 103663749 CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 isoform X1 [KO:K04391 ]
103678592 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103666874 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103676125 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103675162 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
103663617 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
103670766 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
103680724 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
103660655 toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform X1 [KO:K05403 ]
103676518 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
103666926 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
103677947 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
103681888 MAP2K7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
103671092 IRF7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447 ]
103669702 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
103678768 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
103659933 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
103656206 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221 ]
103679279 IRF9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon regulatory factor 9 [KO:K04693 ]
Reference Authors Kawai T, Akira S.
Title TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal Reference Authors Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal Reference Authors Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal Related umr04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
umr04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
