Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:
umr ]
Gene
103656186 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
103656765 PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X4 [KO:K11584 ]
103657071 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
103657125 FLT3LG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [KO:K05454 ]
103657330 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X5 [KO:K03456 ]
103657902 IL4R; interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05071 ]
103658340 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma [KO:K04354 ]
103658377 PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K04354 ]
103658774 MAGI2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K05629 ]
103659121 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
103659593 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
103659802 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
103660496 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
103660497 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
103660550 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
103660945 COL1A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236 ]
103661017 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
103661850 FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497 ]
103661898 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
103662531 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
103662668 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
103662858 COL4A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
103663028 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
103663109 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
103663617 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
103663691 PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
103664148 VEGFA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448 ]
103664157 PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
103664690 OSMR; oncostatin-M-specific receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05057 ]
103664716 IL7R; interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05072 ]
103664763 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B [KO:K03259 ]
103664851 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
103665536 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625 ]
103666113 PPP2R3C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
103666328 PPP2R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta [KO:K11583 ]
103666378 CSF3R; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05061 ]
103666874 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103667087 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
103667602 MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539 ]
103668115 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
103668144 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
103668409 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
103668413 CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333 ]
103668461 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
103668717 IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055 ]
103668783 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
103669052 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
103669054 CHRM2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130 ]
103670041 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
103670766 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
103672380 PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
103672393 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
103672470 PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
103672837 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
103673291 PPP2R2A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
103674284 MAGI1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K05631 ]
103674633 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103675162 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
103675517 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X1 [KO:K03258 ]
103676121 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538 ]
103676125 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103676245 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
103676372 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
103676409 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
103676520 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
103676755 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
103677947 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
103678196 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
103678568 LPAR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289 ]
103678592 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103678657 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
103678867 PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha [KO:K11583 ]
103679434 PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
103679547 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
103681653 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
103681679 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
103682042 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
103682158 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 isoform X1 [KO:K04347 ]
103682282 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
103682591 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
121100753 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
umr04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
umr04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway