KEGG   PATHWAY: pgig04140
Entry
pgig04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Pteropus vampyrus (Indian flying fox)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
pgig04140  Autophagy - animal
pgig04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Pteropus vampyrus (Indian flying fox) [GN:pgig]
Gene
120581241  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
120581292  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120582068  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120582129  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
120582132  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120582429  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120583269  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120583302  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
120583619  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
120583692  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120584396  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
120584612  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
120584626  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120584662  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
120584753  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120585069  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
120585826  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120585845  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120586096  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
120586161  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120586191  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
120586736  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
120587076  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
120587164  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
120587194  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120587362  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120587523  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
120587679  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
120588290  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
120588349  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120588970  [KO:K02977]
120589049  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120589255  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
120589557  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
120589638  [KO:K08341]
120589685  [KO:K02927]
120589811  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
120589825  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120589855  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
120590054  [KO:K17606]
120590311  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
120590368  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
120590847  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
120591553  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120591749  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
120592300  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
120593012  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
120593278  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
120593525  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
120594597  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
120594611  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120594817  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
120595002  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120595406  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
120595669  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120596984  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120597107  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
120597158  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
120597198  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
120597202  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
120597207  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
120598449  [KO:K21245]
120598618  [KO:K02927]
120599890  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
120599998  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
120600114  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120600134  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
120600162  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
120600645  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
120600867  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
120601454  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
120601543  ATG9B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
120601573  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120601928  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120602133  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
120602316  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
120602389  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
120602738  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
120603233  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
120603462  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
120603516  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
120603574  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
120603576  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
120603731  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
120604492  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120604539  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120605013  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120605338  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
120605604  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
120605693  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
120605928  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
120606104  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120606307  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120606489  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
120606549  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
120606568  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
120606809  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
120606840  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
120606851  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120606859  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
120607252  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
120607895  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
120608247  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120608488  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
120609009  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120609356  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
120609419  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
120609513  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
120609636  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120610604  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
120610861  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120611053  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
120611068  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
120611265  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
120611722  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
120612143  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
120612455  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
120612496  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
120612759  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
120612928  CTSL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120612929  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120612968  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120613218  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
120613356  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
120613959  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120614604  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
120615379  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120615382  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120615527  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
120615540  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
120615611  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
120615616  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
120615765  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
120615974  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120615996  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
120616052  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
120616083  CAMKK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120616366  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120616378  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17446]
120616614  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120616619  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
120616843  [KO:K21245]
120616912  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120617095  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
120617128  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120617357  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
120617940  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
120618351  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120618485  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120618896  [KO:K02927]
120619070  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
120619073  MAP1LC3C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
120619079  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120619470  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
120619671  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
120620121  MAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120620206  [KO:K02649]
120620251  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
120620262  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
120620273  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120620810  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120620825  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120620828  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
120621435  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120621461  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
120621476  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120621579  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
120621637  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
120621730  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120621794  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120622111  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120622752  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
120622917  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
pgig04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pgig04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pgig04142  Lysosome
pgig04150  mTOR signaling pathway
pgig04152  AMPK signaling pathway
pgig04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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