KEGG   PATHWAY: pvp04140
Entry
pvp04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
pvp04140  Autophagy - animal
pvp04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox) [GN:pvp]
Gene
105290270  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105294748  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
105301327  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
105301581  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17446]
105307215  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105307575  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105308956  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105296605  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
105297140  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105299371  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
105303144  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105303899  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105300159  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105298702  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105293112  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105305933  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
105294059  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
105296550  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
105308953  ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
105301735  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
105301479  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
105299021  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105309827  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105306744  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105289326  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105304566  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105308691  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08268]
105288832  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
105303335  TSC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
105298655  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105300381  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
105303777  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
105301186  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
105292254  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein-like [KO:K20402]
105294429  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105301726  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K16184]
105303344  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
105306550  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105302100  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105299644  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
105294198  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1-like [KO:K17606]
105299964  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105293570  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105299561  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105291380  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105290020  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
105307010  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
105291422  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
105297863  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
105298800  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
105294564  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
105301120  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
105309994  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
105291038  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
105303750  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
105293296  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
105291321  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
105302165  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
105308727  CUNH9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
105296654  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
105302513  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
105302543  ras-related protein Rab-39B-like [KO:K07925]
105299974  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
105301118  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105291071  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
105306689  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
105308979  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X7 [KO:K16185]
105295591  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
105296976  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
105306386  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
105302230  STK11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105299096  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105298997  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105289063  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105308501  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105304348  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105288933  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105289628  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105299978  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105292717  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02161]
105305503  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
105297848  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
105305404  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
105306274  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
105298814  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
105307906  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105292883  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
105310149  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
105290018  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
105290063  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
105304295  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
105302103  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
105296251  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
105297628  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
105289086  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
105309176  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
105289204  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105297002  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105297760  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105295171  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
105306473  death-associated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105306742  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105294251  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105292095  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
105302307  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105288779  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105308244  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105300919  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105302119  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105299058  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105299258  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
105290897  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
105292483  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
105306008  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
105303687  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
105299027  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X2 [KO:K08337]
105303847  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
105289007  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
105298129  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
105301563  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
105308675  protein kinase C theta type-like [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105305361  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
105291731  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
105295894  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
105304293  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
105298832  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
105305657  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105298350  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105302964  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X3 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105296118  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105306255  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
105291699  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
105307243  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K21348]
105293184  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
105289587  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
105296589  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
105305337  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
105291229  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
105294656  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105291298  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
105289312  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
105298515  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
105308747  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
105291175  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
105310641  syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
105292819  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
105303520  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
105308858  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
105298321  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
105288647  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
105289189  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
105288671  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
105303203  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
105300068  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X3 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105290509  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
105296332  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105309691  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
105300653  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
105304249  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
105305083  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
105299530  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105311653  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105311654  uncharacterized protein LOC105311654 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105306474  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105306921  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105308899  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105291573  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
pvp04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pvp04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pvp04142  Lysosome
pvp04150  mTOR signaling pathway
pvp04152  AMPK signaling pathway
pvp04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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