KEGG   PATHWAY: tmu04140
Entry
tmu04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Trichechus manatus latirostris (Florida manatee)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
tmu04140  Autophagy - animal
tmu04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Trichechus manatus latirostris (Florida manatee) [GN:tmu]
Gene
101346705  insulin [KO:K04526]
101355333  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101356151  insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
101345051  insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
101362072  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
101350401  insulin receptor substrate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17446]
101358678  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101346849  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101359658  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101351035  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101343804  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101347746  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101353040  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101360493  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101356099  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101350197  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101355243  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
101342804  GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
101347525  GTPase KRas isoform X3 [KO:K07827]
101344230  GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
101357647  ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
101349553  ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101354889  ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101357840  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101343332  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101341078  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101340589  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101358526  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101347136  hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
101358419  DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
101358131  tuberin [KO:K07207]
101347417  hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
101343861  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
101360739  GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X2 [KO:K07208]
101343081  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
101342824  DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
101343808  serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101345300  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
101359268  target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
101343535  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101354510  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101355195  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
101358337  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101350333  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101357581  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101345383  serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101346435  autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
101346865  autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
101351891  RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
101355263  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
101345997  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
101359379  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
101345874  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
101361337  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
101343178  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K22991]
101346894  autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
101349796  autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
101343928  transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X8 [KO:K21245]
101349459  guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
101356794  WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
101350849  guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
101353683  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
101360558  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
101351010  sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
101345902  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X3 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101361176  TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X2 [KO:K12650]
101345760  ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
101356603  ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
101347656  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
101348812  ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
101358995  ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
101354514  serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101346784  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101360368  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101342638  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101348995  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101355651  protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101351734  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101351967  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101343546  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101347007  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
101346361  bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
101352047  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
101359690  beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
101349952  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
101341374  nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
101345725  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101345298  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101359341  beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
101345407  activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17985]
101345331  TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101355570  tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
101355870  vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
101359695  syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
101361883  UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
101356130  endophilin-B1 isoform X2 [KO:K11248]
101343242  run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
101347848  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101346094  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101352446  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101346534  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
101341838  death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101352467  death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101357548  death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101355630  high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
105756211  proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
101342812  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101344970  eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111821969  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2-like [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101356436  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101359288  myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X7 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101360675  myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101347544  myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X3 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101346283  zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17603]
101348349  ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X2 [KO:K08336]
101351212  autophagy protein 5 isoform X3 [KO:K08339]
101350174  autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
101352468  autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
105756546  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
101350547  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
101357622  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X2 [KO:K08343]
101343780  CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
101345486  ras-related protein Rab-33B isoform X2 [KO:K07920]
101355872  protein kinase C theta type isoform X2 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101346525  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
101359453  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
101347875  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
101356277  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
101351409  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
101353236  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101351672  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
101343995  cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101351272  cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101355699  cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101349296  cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101356355  next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
101349639  optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
101361776  calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
101357321  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tax1-binding protein 1 homolog [KO:K21347]
101345115  tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
101345425  WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
111822114  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K02927]
101361963  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
101361983  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
101356256  synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
101344995  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
101347111  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
101354131  syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
101344555  ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
101345528  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
101344607  pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1-like [KO:K23282]
101345825  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
101341851  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
101351248  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
101356665  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
101355452  vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
101353176  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
101346617  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X13 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
101346821  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
101361351  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K26797]
101346179  ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
101349773  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
101346216  ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
101344056  lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
101343706  lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
101346448  cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
101345047  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101345299  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101342109  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101341172  cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
tmu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
tmu04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tmu04142  Lysosome
tmu04150  mTOR signaling pathway
tmu04152  AMPK signaling pathway
tmu04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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