KEGG   PATHWAY: umr05224
Entry
umr05224                    Pathway                                
Name
Breast cancer - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
umr05224  Breast cancer
umr05224

Organism
Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:umr]
Gene
103666963  ESR1; estrogen receptor [KO:K08550]
103672317  ESR2; estrogen receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K08551]
103671686  NCOA1; nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09101] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103669689  NCOA3; nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11256] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103671011  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
103670861  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
103675530  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 [KO:K04684]
103671139  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
103661697  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein isoform X1 [KO:K04377]
103660777  PGR; progesterone receptor isoform X1 [KO:K08556]
103675620  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
103666795  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X2 [KO:K00408]
103677566  TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
103661560  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103663709  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18496]
103661850  FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497]
103664645  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
103664292  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
103681372  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
103673325  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
103675746  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
103675826  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
103676724  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
103665349  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 [KO:K04358]
103671137  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
103664781  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
103658995  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
121102598  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 [KO:K04358]
121104719  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
103671138  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 [KO:K22603]
103657101  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
103675745  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
103659146  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103676495  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
103660044  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103661742  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X2 [KO:K04357]
103674660  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103672804  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103668383  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06279]
103681753  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
103663185  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17448]
103676722  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
103665736  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
103671891  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
103665409  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
103669173  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
103671035  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X3 [KO:K02833]
103665244  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
103669422  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103664348  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103669103  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103669540  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103679064  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103681834  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103669286  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103657827  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103678592  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103666874  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103676125  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103675162  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
103663617  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
103670766  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
103661921  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103666688  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103661038  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103676878  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103666660  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103679516  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103667329  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103674543  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
103676906  JAG2; protein jagged-2 [KO:K21635]
103661087  DLL3; delta-like protein 3 [KO:K06051]
103660784  DLL1; delta-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06051]
103673543  DLL4; delta-like protein 4 [KO:K06051]
103675283  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
103677132  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 [KO:K20994]
103677204  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
103682271  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 [KO:K20996]
103676171  HES1; transcription factor HES-1 [KO:K06054]
121099812  HES5; transcription factor HES-5 [KO:K06055]
103661365  HEY1; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 [KO:K09091]
103663519  HEY2; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09091]
103666348  HEYL; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K09091]
103680018  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103665536  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625]
103659023  NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04469]
103675048  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
103676588  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
103678870  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
103665889  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
103675062  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a [KO:K00444]
103675761  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
103674134  protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
103669629  protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
103658927  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
103663793  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
103678871  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
103662888  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
103675619  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
103678127  WNT11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
103676602  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
103658791  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
103659948  FZD7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
103665868  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
103675953  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
103675375  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
103659958  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
121106331  FZD8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
103661527  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
103661238  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
103670220  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
103677754  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
103679626  LRP5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068]
103660462  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
103682075  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
103676184  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
121101236  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
121101237  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
103678785  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X2 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
103668450  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02157]
103665908  AXIN2; axin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04385]
103675797  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
103681784  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
103680384  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
103664607  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X3 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103663815  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
103671448  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
103657263  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04491]
103661728  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
103660368  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
103681651  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
103663135  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
103663314  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
121100135  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
103657107  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
103665481  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
103672315  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
103663562  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
103656694  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
103658796  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
103677688  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
103674455  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
103666789  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
103678383  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
103672599  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein isoform X1 [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103664352  BRCA2; breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein [KO:K08775]
Compound
C00410  Progesterone
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24649067
  Authors
Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL
  Title
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).
  Journal
Biomed Rep 2:41-52 (2014)
DOI:10.3892/br.2013.187
Reference
PMID:27390604
  Authors
Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z
  Title
Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
  Journal
J Cancer 7:1281-94 (2016)
DOI:10.7150/jca.13141
Reference
PMID:20436504
  Authors
Schnitt SJ
  Title
Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 23 Suppl 2:S60-4 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.33
Reference
PMID:23000897
  Authors
  Title
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
  Journal
Nature 490:61-70 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11412
Reference
PMID:22178455
  Authors
Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A
  Title
Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Treat Rev 38:698-707 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.005
Reference
  Authors
Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.
  Title
Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer
  Journal
Trends Cancer 2:35-48 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001
Reference
  Authors
Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.
  Title
Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies
  Journal
J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)
Reference
PMID:24596345
  Authors
Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S
  Title
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.
  Journal
Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)
Reference
PMID:23988612
  Authors
Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX
  Title
Targeted therapy for breast cancer.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 183:1096-112 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.005
Reference
PMID:22722193
  Authors
Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER
  Title
Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.
  Journal
Nature 486:353-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11143
Reference
PMID:25907219
  Authors
Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ
  Title
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 15:261-75 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3920
Reference
PMID:16113099
  Authors
Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL
  Title
Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
  Journal
Endocr Relat Cancer 12 Suppl 1:S47-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00993
Reference
PMID:24111892
  Authors
Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW
  Title
Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 65:279-92 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-051812-145316
Reference
PMID:23702927
  Authors
Brisken C
  Title
Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 13:385-96 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3518
Reference
PMID:20087430
  Authors
Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL
  Title
Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.
  Journal
Nucl Recept Signal 7:e009 (2009)
DOI:10.1621/nrs.07009
Reference
PMID:24291072
  Authors
Knutson TP, Lange CA
  Title
Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:114-25 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.010
Reference
PMID:25544707
  Authors
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A
  Title
The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.
  Journal
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19:253-70 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5
Reference
PMID:21965336
  Authors
Higgins MJ, Baselga J
  Title
Targeted therapies for breast cancer.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 121:3797-803 (2011)
DOI:10.1172/JCI57152
Reference
PMID:26028978
  Authors
Mukohara T
  Title
PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 7:111-23 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S60696
Reference
PMID:19088017
  Authors
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA
  Title
Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:8010-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1208
Reference
PMID:21898546
  Authors
King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y
  Title
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 113:13-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.23350
Reference
PMID:11737884
  Authors
Brown AM
  Title
Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 3:351-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1186/bcr321
Reference
PMID:21076461
  Authors
Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS
  Title
beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 24:209-31 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.205
Reference
PMID:20971825
  Authors
Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS
  Title
Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
  Journal
Mol Cancer Ther 10:9-15 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0677
Reference
PMID:26968398
  Authors
Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res Treat 156:211-26 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7
Reference
PMID:26040571
  Authors
Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N
  Title
Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 172:4228-37 (2015)
DOI:10.1111/bph.13211
Reference
PMID:23196196
  Authors
Karamboulas C, Ailles L
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:2481-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.008
Reference
PMID:23881035
  Authors
Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C
  Title
Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.
  Journal
Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:494-506 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124
Reference
PMID:25013431
  Authors
Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH
  Title
Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.
  Journal
J Breast Cancer 17:113-20 (2014)
DOI:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113
Reference
PMID:11879567
  Authors
Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T
  Title
The p53 pathway in breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 4:70-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/bcr426
Reference
PMID:15343273
  Authors
Narod SA, Foulkes WD
  Title
BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:665-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1431
Related
pathway
umr03440  Homologous recombination
umr04010  MAPK signaling pathway
umr04110  Cell cycle
umr04115  p53 signaling pathway
umr04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
umr04310  Wnt signaling pathway
umr04330  Notch signaling pathway
umr04915  Estrogen signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05224   
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