KEGG   PATHWAY: oaa04140
Entry
oaa04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
oaa04140  Autophagy - animal
oaa04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) [GN:oaa]
Gene
100073424  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100073471  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
100073772  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
100073788  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100074113  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100074155  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
100074273  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100074365  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100074410  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
100074478  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X2 [KO:K14381]
100074541  UBC; polyubiquitin-C isoform X1 [KO:K08770]
100074575  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
100074671  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100074953  [KO:K20402]
100074991  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
100075232  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
100075352  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100075535  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100075749  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100075891  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
100076033  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100076077  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100076168  PLEKHM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
100076217  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
100076229  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100076306  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100076520  TBK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100076553  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
100077058  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100077165  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
100077170  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100077214  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100077391  [KO:K08341]
100077556  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100077565  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
100077632  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
100077721  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
100077847  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
100077981  [KO:K08770]
100078009  MTMR4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100078088  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100078150  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
100078296  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
100078638  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100078736  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
100078846  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100078852  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100079111  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
100079581  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100079751  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100079809  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
100079899  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100079980  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100080039  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
100080187  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100080362  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100080641  TSC1; hamartin isoform X4 [KO:K07206]
100080711  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100080937  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
100081058  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
100081193  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100081199  [KO:K17603]
100081216  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100081430  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
100081473  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100081590  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
100081636  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100081762  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
100082003  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
100082075  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100082111  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
100082155  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100082445  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100082449  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100082482  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
100082590  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100082697  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100082738  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
100082751  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
100082776  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
100082924  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
100083105  [KO:K08341]
100083320  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100083483  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
100083666  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
100083766  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100083983  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100084248  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100084442  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
100084473  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100084759  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
100084840  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100084914  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
100084956  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X4 [KO:K23883]
100085025  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100085320  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100085347  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
100085430  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100085480  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100085629  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
100085684  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100086080  [KO:K16185]
100086270  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100086487  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100086661  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
100086917  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
100087273  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
100087379  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100087432  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
100087757  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100087780  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100087854  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100087942  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100088079  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100088085  RRAGD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100088214  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X3 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100088284  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100088445  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
100088537  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
100088614  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100088719  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
100088879  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
100088945  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
100089083  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100089257  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100089345  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
100089456  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100090119  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
100090153  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100090165  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
100090267  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100090301  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100090388  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100090494  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
100090823  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100092137  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
100092288  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
100092703  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
100092865  [KO:K08516]
100093196  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100093360  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100093369  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100093403  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100093574  AMBRA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
100681077  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100681456  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100682151  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
103167126  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
103169212  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
103169849  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
103169903  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103170674  [KO:K07897]
103170729  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
107546921  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
114805830  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
114807635  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
114808089  [KO:K17445]
114808770  [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114809992  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
114810030  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
114810063  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
114814624  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
114814763  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
114814792  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
114815129  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
114815184  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
114815189  [KO:K08341]
114816379  [KO:K08343]
114816899  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
120638731  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
oaa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
oaa04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
oaa04142  Lysosome
oaa04150  mTOR signaling pathway
oaa04152  AMPK signaling pathway
oaa04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system