KEGG   PATHWAY: aml04932
Entry
aml04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
aml04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
aml04932

Organism
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) [GN:aml]
Gene
100477151  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
117803984  interleukin-6-like [KO:K05405]
100471277  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055]
100475555  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
100471563  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100479926  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
100467906  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
100480158  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
100483432  INS; insulin isoform X2 [KO:K04526]
100473956  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100477645  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100477685  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100463775  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100479294  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100479580  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100475291  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100483828  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100467916  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
100468763  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100480414  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100465793  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100478597  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100479224  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X2 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
100474551  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
100479839  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha [KO:K08524]
100476071  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
100479545  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein [KO:K09113]
100471449  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X4 [KO:K09113]
100470529  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein [KO:K09113]
100474752  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform X1 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
100474605  LEP; leptin precursor [KO:K05424]
100470278  LEPR; leptin receptor [KO:K05062]
100481319  ADIPOQ; adiponectin isoform X2 [KO:K07296]
100481274  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07297]
100473600  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07297]
100481376  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100470115  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100475764  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07199]
100463656  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
100480315  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100468143  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100474747  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100465223  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100465476  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100480235  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100480483  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100474723  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X2 [KO:K07294]
100482938  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530]
100465076  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
100465648  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
100480913  MAP3K11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100477951  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100482196  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100477600  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100480824  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100474476  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100474087  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100475304  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100474867  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
100483834  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100481122  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
100480874  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100471679  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100471419  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
100469640  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
100472056  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
100468235  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
100472054  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
100470703  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
100479743  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100470706  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100476284  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100479063  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
100477763  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X2 [KO:K16341]
100471095  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
100473767  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
100472842  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100465439  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
100472074  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
105241648  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100469056  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100471992  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
100466993  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100465323  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100469433  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03944]
100479846  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
117801911  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
100470822  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
100484973  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
100476950  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03948]
100475666  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100469925  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
100472043  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
100474497  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100481984  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100469424  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100477408  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
100477501  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
100468209  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
100471683  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100480549  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
100478953  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
117802616  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
100469603  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
100472586  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
100476249  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100481052  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
100469963  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
100467282  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
117801866  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7-like [KO:K03963]
100463673  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
100468035  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
100479731  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
100467366  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
100484187  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100481212  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100477724  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100467769  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
100478105  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
100478653  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03939]
100478931  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100468168  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100470756  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100467558  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100483034  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100473290  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
100480530  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
117794997  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
100465810  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
5179733  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
100480854  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
100469760  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00413]
100478686  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
100483213  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
100469420  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00416]
100466991  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
100483229  UQCRQ; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
100484841  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X2 [KO:K00419]
100479434  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
5179732  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
5179727  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
5179728  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
100463627  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100470176  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100471452  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
100464713  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
100479689  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02266]
100479884  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100473625  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
100472635  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
100464665  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
109489277  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
100470634  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100475268  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100479346  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100475526  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100466075  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100466302  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
100475627  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
aml00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
aml00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
aml03320  PPAR signaling pathway
aml04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
aml04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
aml04210  Apoptosis
aml04668  TNF signaling pathway
aml04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
aml04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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