KEGG   PATHWAY: mcc04140
Entry
mcc04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
mcc04140  Autophagy - animal
mcc04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:mcc]
Gene
704534  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
708227  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
707870  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
698536  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
703846  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
716098  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
709959  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
710552  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
707310  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
719367  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
698996  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
697523  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
714717  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
697747  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
700591  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
705121  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
698830  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
707977  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
709089  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
716352  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
718939  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
699700  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
694725  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
710415  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
721821  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
708938  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
698569  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
704678  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X4 [KO:K08268]
715307  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
694965  TSC2; tuberin isoform X7 [KO:K07207]
714645  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
100426120  BNIP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
114674310  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
715378  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
712848  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
702649  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
106992736  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
719101  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
695650  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
721731  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
711979  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
694632  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
694663  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
695118  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
710326  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
709746  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
710708  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
714322  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X8 [KO:K08331]
696954  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
710330  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
712467  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
717290  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X5 [KO:K17906]
702966  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
718945  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
719616  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
715262  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
114675553  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
702263  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
714284  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
696174  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
100429227  putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
701271  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
701074  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
708223  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
706828  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
100423251  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
703369  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
705481  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
717427  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
700942  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
696962  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
100430225  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
704260  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B [KO:K16185]
715549  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
702798  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
705686  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
695558  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
717703  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
709728  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
718632  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
700652  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
694656  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
699736  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
711115  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
715782  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
707407  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
713035  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
717740  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
711649  BECN1; Beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
715431  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
697756  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
718012  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
693918  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
697252  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
714434  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
716907  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
707113  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
711648  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
714699  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
696601  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
712393  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
699685  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
703101  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
717751  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
703669  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
714221  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
706421  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X4 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
694315  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
712849  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
719848  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21250]
699575  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100428309  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
710150  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
714621  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
715214  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X8 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
703936  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
696313  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17603]
696765  ATG12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
696874  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
714092  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
717952  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
696238  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
711835  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
708305  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
574234  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
697603  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
722559  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
702827  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
714413  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
717640  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
714597  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
706487  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
695419  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
707439  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
697790  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
695606  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
703367  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
713111  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
717813  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
708558  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
574252  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
697836  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
698103  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 [KO:K21347]
706535  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X4 [KO:K22262]
720243  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
708161  ubiquitin-like isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
704498  ubiquitin [KO:K02927]
718909  RPS27A; 40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
106992282  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
696110  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
712934  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
696708  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
695851  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
704501  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6-like [KO:K08516]
699606  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
709667  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
700766  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
716464  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
702834  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
100426686  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
704795  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
702257  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
707791  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
712457  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
709443  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
694170  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
694728  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
707280  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
697383  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
697331  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
695379  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 precursor [KO:K06528]
703534  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
694569  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100424037  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative inactive cathepsin L-like protein CTSL3P [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
707167  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100424758  CTSB; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
mcc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mcc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mcc04142  Lysosome
mcc04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mcc04152  AMPK signaling pathway
mcc04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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