KEGG   PATHWAY: shr04974
Entry
shr04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
shr04974  Protein digestion and absorption
shr04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:shr]
Gene
100929943  cationic trypsin-3-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100913350  anionic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100935321  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100930202  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100928222  anionic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100916403  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
100926099  chymotrypsinogen 2-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
100915387  chymotrypsinogen 2-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
105749186  chymotrypsinogen B-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
105749238  chymotrypsinogen A-like isoform X1 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
100914612  CTRL; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
100931746  CELA2A; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
100922937  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
100925777  CELA3B; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
100917098  carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
100931516  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
105750808  CPA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
100928548  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
100927003  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
100928968  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 isoform X1 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
100932576  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
100916641  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14206]
100922123  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100928210  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100914130  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100918637  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like isoform X2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100935132  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
100915285  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
100915426  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
100915602  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
100929307  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K01538]
100918545  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
100934791  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
100918368  KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
100932658  KCNQ1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
105750548  KCNJ13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 [KO:K05006]
100933075  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207]
100920293  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
100920569  MEP1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
100920095  meprin A subunit beta-like [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
100920611  meprin A subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
100920356  meprin A subunit beta-like [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
100917420  ACE2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
100925337  PRCP; lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
100914547  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
100917630  XPNPEP2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
100926284  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05612]
111719926  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616]
100914566  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
100916944  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
100930572  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
100933103  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
100918928  SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain [KO:K06519]
100925048  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781]
100926642  SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
100921121  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
100921384  SLC36A1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
100922597  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1-like [KO:K14209]
100923965  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
100922173  SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
100917376  SLC7A9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
100920948  b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1-like [KO:K13868]
100922766  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13867]
116423474  ELN; elastin [KO:K14211]
100924667  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06236]
100916041  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
100915177  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform X2 [KO:K19719]
100930256  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
100917328  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
100923249  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
100923506  COL4A1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
100931618  COL4A5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
100917586  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
100926964  COL5A1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
100935122  COL5A2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
100913921  COL5A3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721]
100917699  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
100914389  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
100913782  COL24A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
100915207  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
100920836  COL6A5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
111721183  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like [KO:K06238]
100920576  COL6A6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
100922222  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
100922223  COL6A1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
100933417  COL6A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
100928875  COL7A1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16628]
100920191  COL8A1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
100926646  COL8A2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
100920810  COL9A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
100920428  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
100916999  COL9A1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
100928131  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
100922395  COL12A1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08132]
100917197  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16617]
100933281  COL14A1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
100914107  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08135]
100920290  COL16A1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain isoform X4 [KO:K24339]
100919545  COL17A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
100917870  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06823]
100918337  COL20A1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
100932281  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain [KO:K16629]
100931725  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
111719143  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
100923733  COL23A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24355]
111721301  COL25A1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24356]
100925714  COL26A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24358]
100925948  collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23619]
100933676  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
shr00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
shr04530  Tight junction
shr04971  Gastric acid secretion
shr04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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