Entry Name Toxoplasmosis - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechanisms. During early infection, nuclear translocation of NFkB is temporally blocked and p38 MAPK phosphorylation is prevented, suppressing IL-12 production. Another pathway for IL-12 induction occurs through CCR5 dependent pathway, but parasitic induction of an eicosanoid LXA4 contributes to the downregulation of IL-12. Direct activation of STAT3 by the parasite enhance anti-inflammatory function of IL-10 and TGF beta. T. gondii can cause lifelong chronic infection by establishing an anti-apoptotic environment through induction of bcl-2 or IAPs and by redirecting LDL-mediated cholesterol transport to scavenge nutrients from the host.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasiticBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Disease Organism Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:
umr ]
Gene 103656234 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158 ]
103658194 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
103658293 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
103658775 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
103659933 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
103660496 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
103660497 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
103660541 BIRC7; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 isoform X2 [KO:K16061 ]
103661015 NFKBIB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581 ]
103666926 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
103669702 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
103672573 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
103673898 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
103674633 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103674803 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
103675000 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
103676518 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
103677394 TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375 ]
103677947 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
103680724 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
Compound C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Denkers EY, Butcher BA
Title Sabotage and exploitation in macrophages parasitized by intracellular protozoans.
Journal Reference Authors Denkers EY
Title From cells to signaling cascades: manipulation of innate immunity by Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Pollard AM, Knoll LJ, Mordue DG
Title The role of specific Toxoplasma gondii molecules in manipulation of innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Leng J, Butcher BA, Denkers EY
Title Dysregulation of macrophage signal transduction by Toxoplasma gondii: past progress and recent advances.
Journal Reference Authors Miller CM, Boulter NR, Ikin RJ, Smith NC
Title The immunobiology of the innate response to Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Denkers EY, Kim L, Butcher BA
Title In the belly of the beast: subversion of macrophage proinflammatory signalling cascades during Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Journal Reference Authors Gazzinelli RT, Denkers EY
Title Protozoan encounters with Toll-like receptor signalling pathways: implications for host parasitism.
Journal Reference Authors Lang C, Gross U, Luder CG
Title Subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses by Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Blader IJ, Saeij JP
Title Communication between Toxoplasma gondii and its host: impact on parasite growth, development, immune evasion, and virulence.
Journal Reference Authors Boothroyd JC, Dubremetz JF
Title Kiss and spit: the dual roles of Toxoplasma rhoptries.
Journal Reference Authors Denkers EY, Butcher BA, Del Rio L, Kim L
Title Manipulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB-signaling cascades during intracellular Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Journal Reference Authors Yarovinsky F
Title Toll-like receptors and their role in host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Coppens I, Joiner KA
Title Parasitehost cell interactions in toxoplasmosis: new avenues for intervention?
Journal Reference Authors Aliberti J, Sher A
Title Role of G-protein-coupled signaling in the induction and regulation of dendritic cell function by Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Sher A, Collazzo C, Scanga C, Jankovic D, Yap G, Aliberti J
Title Induction and regulation of IL-12-dependent host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Bonhomme A, Bouchot A, Pezzella N, Gomez J, Le Moal H, Pinon JM
Title Signaling during the invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Laliberte J, Carruthers VB
Title Host cell manipulation by the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii.
Journal Reference Authors Bogdan C, Rollinghoff M
Title How do protozoan parasites survive inside macrophages?
Journal Reference Authors Molestina RE, Sinai AP
Title Host and parasite-derived IKK activities direct distinct temporal phases of NF-kappaB activation and target gene expression following Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Journal Related umr04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
