KEGG DISEASE: High blood pressure

DISEASE: High blood pressure

Entry

H01633                      Disease

Name

High blood pressure;
Hypertension

Subgroup

Essential hypertension (EHT)
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA) [DS:H00602]
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome (AME) [DS:H00259]
Gordon syndrome [DS:H00243]
Liddle syndrome [DS:H00242]

Description

High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most frequent classic cardiovascular risk factor and accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular mortality, the main cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is generally classified as primary (essential) or secondary. Essential hypertension (EHT) is the most common diagnosis in this disease, suggesting that a monocausal etiology has not been identified. However, a number of risk factors associated with EHT have also been identified such as age, sex, demographic, environmental, genetic, and vascular factors. Secondary hypertension generally has an earlier age at onset, no family history, and a clear cause such as a renal or endocrine disorder, or an iatrogenic trigger, such as use of oral contraceptives. Blood pressure is a heritable trait; an estimated 30% of variance in blood pressure relates to genetic factors. Understanding of the genetic architecture of traits has progressed in rare mendelian hypertensive phenotypes, such as Gordon's syndrome and Liddle syndrome (LIDLS).

Category

Cardiovascular disease

Brite

Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
11 Diseases of the circulatory system
  Hypertensive diseases
   BA00  Essential hypertension
    H01633  High blood pressure

Pathway

hsa04925

Aldosterone synthesis and secretion

hsa04960

Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption

Gene

(EHT) PTGIS [HSA:5740] [KO:K01831]
(EHT) AGTR1 [HSA:185] [KO:K04166]
(EHT) ADD1 [HSA:118] [KO:K18622]
(EHT) AGT [HSA:183] [KO:K09821]
(EHT) ECE1 [HSA:1889] [KO:K01415]
(EHT) CYP3A5 [HSA:1577] [KO:K17690]
(EHT) NOS3 [HSA:4846] [KO:K13242]
(EHT) GNB3 [HSA:2784] [KO:K07825]
NR3C2 [HSA:4306] [KO:K08555]
(GRA) CYP11B2 [HSA:1585] [KO:K07433]
(GRA) CYP11B1 [HSA:1584] [KO:K00497]
(AME) HSD11B2 [HSA:3291] [KO:K00071]
(LIDLS) SCNN1B [HSA:6338] [KO:K04825]
(LIDLS) SCNN1G [HSA:6340] [KO:K04827]
(LIDLS) SCNN1A [HSA:6337] [KO:K04824]

Drug

Methyldopa [DR:D00405]
Clonidine hydrochloride [DR:D00604]
Guanfacine hydrochloride [DR:D00606]
Mecamylamine hydrochloride [DR:D00611]
Prazosin hydrochloride [DR:D00609]
Doxazosin mesylate [DR:D00608]
Hydralazine hydrochloride [DR:D01302]
Minoxidil [DR:D00418]
Methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10267]
Clonidine and chlorthalidone [DR:D10591]
Hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D00340]
Chlorothiazide [DR:D00519]
Methyclothiazide [DR:D00656]
Chlorthalidone [DR:D00272]
Indapamide [DR:D00345]
Furosemide [DR:D00331]
Torsemide [DR:D00382]
Spironolactone [DR:D00443]
Eplerenone [DR:D01115]
Hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene [DR:D10269]
Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10270]
Amiloride hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10271]
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [DR:D00507]
Diltiazem hydrochloride [DR:D00616]
Pindolol [DR:D00513]
Propranolol hydrochloride [DR:D00483]
Nadolol [DR:D00432]
Metoprolol tartrate [DR:D00601]
Metoprolol succinate [DR:D00635]
Atenolol [DR:D00235]
Acebutolol hydrochloride [DR:D00597]
Betaxolol hydrochloride [DR:D00598]
Bisoprolol fumarate [DR:D00634]
Esmolol hydrochloride [DR:D00644]
Nebivolol hydrochloride [DR:D06622]
Labetalol hydrochloride [DR:D00600]
Carvedilol [DR:D00255]
Carvedilol phosphate [DR:D03415]
Propranolol hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10274]
Nadolol and bendroflumethiazide [DR:D10272]
Metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10273]
Bisoprolol fumarate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10275]
Atenolol and chlorthalidone [DR:D10592]
Amlodipine besylate [DR:D00615]
Amlodipine benzoate [DR:D11881]
Felodipine [DR:D00319]
Isradipine [DR:D00349]
Nicardipine hydrochloride [DR:D00617]
Nifedipine [DR:D00437]
Nisoldipine [DR:D00618]
Clevidipine [DR:D08892]
Levamlodipine maleate [DR:D11723]
Amlodipine and celecoxib [DR:D11705]
Verapamil hydrochloride [DR:D00619]
Captopril [DR:D00251]
Enalapril maleate [DR:D00621]
Lisinopril [DR:D00362]
Perindopril erbumine [DR:D00624]
Ramipril [DR:D00421]
Quinapril hydrochloride [DR:D00459]
Benazepril hydrochloride [DR:D00620]
Fosinopril sodium [DR:D00622]
Trandolapril [DR:D00383]
Moexipril hydrochloride [DR:D00623]
Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10276]
Enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10277]
Hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril [DR:D10268]
Quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10278]
Benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10279]
Fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10280]
Moexipril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10281]
Perindopril and amlodipine [DR:D11581]
Trandolapril and verapamil hydrochloride [DR:D10282]
Amlodipine and benazepril [DR:D11069]
Losartan potassium [DR:D00357]
Eprosartan mesylate [DR:D02082]
Valsartan [DR:D00400]
Irbesartan [DR:D00523]
Candesartan cilexetil [DR:D00626]
Telmisartan [DR:D00627]
Olmesartan medoxomil [DR:D01204]
Azilsartan medoxomil [DR:D08067]
Azilsartan kamedoxomil [DR:D08865]
Losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D07895]
Eprosartan mesylate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10283]
Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09197]
Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10249]
Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09196]
Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09219]
Olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10284]
Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone [DR:D10589]
Valsartan and amlodipine besilate [DR:D09745]
Amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil [DR:D10285]
Telmisartan and amlodipine besilate [DR:D09743]
Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10286]
Olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10288]
Nebivolol and valsartan [DR:D11388]
Aliskiren fumarate [DR:D06412]
Aliskiren hemifumarate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10289]
Amlodipine besilate and atorvastatin calcium [DR:D08488]
Terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [DR:D11585]
Enalaprilat [DR:D03769]
Methyldopate hydrochloride [DR:D04997]

Other DBs

ICD-11:

ICD-10:

MeSH:

OMIM:

Reference

PMID:25832858

Authors

Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M

Title

Hypertension.

Journal

Lancet 386:801-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61468-9

Reference

PMID:27028574

Authors

Singh M, Singh AK, Pandey P, Chandra S, Singh KA, Gambhir IS

Title

Molecular genetics of essential hypertension.

Journal

Clin Exp Hypertens 38:268-77 (2016)
DOI:10.3109/10641963.2015.1116543

Reference

PMID:23303660

Authors

Ehret GB, Caulfield MJ

Title

Genes for blood pressure: an opportunity to understand hypertension.

Journal

Eur Heart J 34:951-61 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs455

Reference

PMID:12372404 (PTGIS)

Authors

Nakayama T, Soma M, Watanabe Y, Hasimu B, Sato M, Aoi N, Kosuge K, Kanmatsuse K, Kokubun S, Marrow JD, Oates JA

Title

Splicing mutation of the prostacyclin synthase gene in a family associated with hypertension.

Journal

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 297:1135-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02341-0

Reference

PMID:15042429 (AGTR1)

Authors

Kobashi G, Hata A, Ohta K, Yamada H, Kato EH, Minakami H, Fujimoto S, Kondo K

Title

A1166C variant of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene is associated with severe hypertension in pregnancy independently of T235 variant of angiotensinogen gene.

Journal

J Hum Genet 49:182-186 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s10038-004-0129-4

Reference

PMID:10024330 (ADD1)

Authors

Manunta P, Burnier M, D'Amico M, Buzzi L, Maillard M, Barlassina C, Lanella G, Cusi D, Bianchi G

Title

Adducin polymorphism affects renal proximal tubule reabsorption in hypertension.

Journal

Hypertension 33:694-7 (1999)
DOI:10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.694

Reference

PMID:1394429 (AGT)

Authors

Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev YV, Lifton RP, Williams CS, Charru A, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, Williams RR, Lalouel JM, et al.

Title

Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen.

Journal

Cell 71:169-80 (1992)
DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90275-h

Reference

PMID:12566389 (ECE1)

Authors

Funke-Kaiser H, Reichenberger F, Kopke K, Herrmann SM, Pfeifer J, Orzechowski HD, Zidek W, Paul M, Brand E

Title

Differential binding of transcription factor E2F-2 to the endothelin-converting enzyme-1b promoter affects blood pressure regulation.

Journal

Hum Mol Genet 12:423-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddg040

Reference

PMID:11279519 (CYP3A5)

Authors

Kuehl P, Zhang J, Lin Y, Lamba J, Assem M, Schuetz J, Watkins PB, Daly A, Wrighton SA, Hall SD, Maurel P, Relling M, Brimer C, Yasuda K, Venkataramanan R, Strom S, Thummel K, Boguski MS, Schuetz E

Title

Sequence diversity in CYP3A promoters and characterization of the genetic basis of polymorphic CYP3A5 expression.

Journal

Nat Genet 27:383-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/86882

Reference

PMID:11394896 (NOS3)

Authors

Jachymova M, Horky K, Bultas J, Kozich V, Jindra A, Peleska J, Martasek P

Title

Association of the Glu298Asp polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with essential hypertension resistant to conventional therapy.

Journal

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284:426-30 (2001)
DOI:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5007

Reference

PMID:9425898 (GNB3)

Authors

Siffert W, Rosskopf D, Siffert G, Busch S, Moritz A, Erbel R, Sharma AM, Ritz E, Wichmann HE, Jakobs KH, Horsthemke B

Title

Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension.

Journal

Nat Genet 18:45-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/ng0198-45

Reference

PMID:10884226 (NR3C2)

Authors

Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N, Fradley M, Moritz M, Spitzer A, Meinke G, Tsai FT, Sigler PB, Lifton RP

Title

Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy.

Journal

Science 289:119-23 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.289.5476.119

LinkDB

» Japanese version

DBGET integrated database retrieval system