KEGG   PATHWAY: eai04140
Entry
eai04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Equus asinus (ass)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
eai04140  Autophagy - animal
eai04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Equus asinus (ass) [GN:eai]
Gene
106821786  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
106821929  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
106822011  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106822380  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
106822582  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
106822593  [KO:K02649]
106822931  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
106822994  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106823310  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
106823355  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
106823363  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X2 [KO:K17907]
106823370  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
106823474  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
106823485  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
106824021  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X3 [KO:K23610]
106824036  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106824102  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
106824154  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
106824177  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
106824389  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
106824421  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X7 [KO:K19330]
106824437  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106824750  PRKAA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106824845  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
106824936  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
106824938  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
106824973  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
106824993  PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
106824997  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
106825229  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
106825254  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
106825548  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
106825631  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
106826000  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X6 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106826162  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
106826354  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
106826424  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
106826426  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
106826975  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
106826990  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
106827069  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
106827234  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
106827654  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
106827684  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
106827710  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17603]
106827800  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
106827854  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
106828084  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
106828357  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
106828412  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
106829313  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106829345  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106829397  [KO:K07827]
106829515  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
106830571  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
106830622  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
106830991  [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106831042  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
106831239  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106831384  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106831472  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
106831627  ATG16L2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
106831803  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
106832295  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
106832322  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106832364  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106832625  ATG2B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
106832810  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
106832883  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
106833078  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
106833475  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106833496  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106833611  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
106833626  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
106833712  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
106834096  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
106834191  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X2 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106834480  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
106834655  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
106834729  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
106835166  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106835240  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X1 [KO:K19730]
106835297  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
106835357  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
106835457  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106835569  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
106835605  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
106835678  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
106836234  TSC2; tuberin [KO:K07207]
106836240  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
106836306  [KO:K10802]
106836483  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
106836604  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106836676  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X3 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106836695  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106836928  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
106836932  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
106837203  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106837359  [KO:K10802]
106837407  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
106837480  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106837924  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
106838095  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X2 [KO:K07831]
106838100  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106838201  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
106838546  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
106838571  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106838604  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
106838780  [KO:K02927]
106838853  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106838864  UBB; polyubiquitin-B isoform X1 [KO:K04551]
106838952  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
106839324  [KO:K17445]
106839417  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
106839421  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106839597  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106839711  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
106839715  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106839892  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X2 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
106840141  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
106840155  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X3 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106840297  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20179]
106840397  UVRAG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
106840560  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
106840602  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106840811  [KO:K10802]
106841059  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
106841085  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
106841135  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106841138  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
106841193  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
106841341  VPS39; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
106841368  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
106842289  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
106842310  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X2 [KO:K20182]
106842411  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
106842412  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
106842752  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106842864  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
106843101  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X3 [KO:K12650]
106843289  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843682  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
106843726  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
106843729  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106843858  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843993  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
106843996  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
106844180  [KO:K08341]
106844316  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
106844429  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
106844453  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
106844849  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
106844876  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
106844908  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106844937  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
106845368  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
106845632  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106845645  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
106845897  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
106846278  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
106846343  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
106846635  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106847421  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
106848046  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
106848134  [KO:K21245]
106848193  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
106848262  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106848278  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
106848450  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
106848533  HIF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
123282387  [KO:K21245]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
eai04010  MAPK signaling pathway
eai04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
eai04142  Lysosome
eai04150  mTOR signaling pathway
eai04152  AMPK signaling pathway
eai04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system