KEGG   PATHWAY: gvr05206
Entry
gvr05206                    Pathway                                
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer - Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
gvr05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
gvr05206

Organism
Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur) [GN:gvr]
Gene
103581624  [KO:K02599]
103582028  [KO:K17387]
103582640  [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
103582921  [KO:K04702] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103583388  [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103584948  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
103585042  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103585085  STMN1; stathmin [KO:K04381]
103585172  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
103585203  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
103585463  PIK3R3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
103585575  BCL2L2; bcl-2-like protein 2 [KO:K02163]
103585760  VEGFA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
103585772  EZR; ezrin [KO:K08007]
103585976  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
103586161  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
103586528  HMGA2; high mobility group protein HMGI-C isoform X1 [KO:K09283]
103586572  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103586735  ZEB1; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 [KO:K09299]
103586784  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103586841  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
103586861  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
103587033  PIM1; serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 [KO:K04702] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103587215  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
103587447  IGF2BP1; insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17391]
103587550  HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K [KO:K12886]
103587648  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103587674  PDCD4; programmed cell death protein 4 [KO:K16865]
103587820  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
103587883  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103588022  [KO:K07436] [EC:1.14.15.16]
103588076  GLS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
103588451  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103588730  DICER1; endoribonuclease Dicer [KO:K11592] [EC:3.1.26.-]
103589019  ST14; suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein [KO:K08670] [EC:3.4.21.109]
103589266  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103589329  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103589434  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
103589530  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
103589573  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
103589706  FOXP1; forkhead box protein P1 isoform X1 [KO:K23582]
103589780  CD44; CD44 antigen isoform X1 [KO:K06256]
103589787  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103589870  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103590136  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
103590253  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 [KO:K06620]
103590544  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
103590618  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103590624  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
103590805  CCNG1; cyclin-G1 [KO:K10145]
103590877  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
103591183  HOXD10; homeobox protein Hox-D10 [KO:K09295]
103591298  BMF; bcl-2-modifying factor isoform X1 [KO:K17460]
103591400  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
103591521  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103591575  ZFPM2; zinc finger protein ZFPM2 [KO:K17442]
103591612  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
103591659  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103591838  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103591893  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103592021  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103592116  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [KO:K04671] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103592192  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103592394  EZH2; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 isoform X1 [KO:K11430] [EC:2.1.1.356]
103592574  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103592672  GLS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
103592688  [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
103592695  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
103592708  CRKL; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
103592767  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
103592848  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.39]
103592918  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103593037  FSCN1; fascin [KO:K23551]
103593057  TP63; tumor protein 63 isoform X1 [KO:K10149]
103593431  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
103593683  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
103593703  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09850]
103593766  MMP16; matrix metalloproteinase-16 [KO:K07996] [EC:3.4.24.-]
103593899  [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
103593941  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
103593998  ERBB3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05084] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103594174  MDM4; protein Mdm4 isoform X1 [KO:K10127]
103594760  DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
103594817  RECK; reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs [KO:K17461]
103594928  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103595030  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103595105  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
103595134  PLAU; urokinase-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01348] [EC:3.4.21.73]
103595295  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103595356  [KO:K04692]
103595823  SOX4; transcription factor SOX-4 [KO:K23581]
103596129  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103596365  CDCA5; sororin [KO:K17390]
103596792  SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45 member 3 [KO:K15379]
103597025  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
103597189  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103597238  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
103597388  UBE2I; SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 isoform X1 [KO:K10577]
103597510  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103597574  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
103598105  SPRY2; protein sprouty homolog 2 [KO:K17383]
103598189  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103598480  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
103598490  VIM; vimentin [KO:K07606]
103598534  [KO:K20994]
103599260  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103599454  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
103599501  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
103599535  TRIM71; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71 [KO:K12035] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103599669  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103599847  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103599851  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
103600054  SLC7A1; high affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13863]
103600170  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103600324  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103600355  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02539]
103600468  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
103600678  ZEB2; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 isoform X1 [KO:K23560]
103600797  [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
103601062  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103601316  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
103601365  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103601816  ABCC1; multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 [KO:K05665] [EC:7.6.2.3]
103602032  TNC; tenascin [KO:K06252]
103602841  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
103602907  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 [KO:K06626]
103603577  ITGA5; integrin alpha-5 [KO:K06484]
103603628  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
103603629  NOTCH4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 [KO:K20996]
103603642  [KO:K06252]
103603724  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
103603964  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
103604077  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
103604456  RDX; radixin isoform X1 [KO:K05762]
103604625  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
103604776  [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103604854  ABCB1; multidrug resistance protein 1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
103604993  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103605022  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 [KO:K05462]
103605157  TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 [KO:K16866]
103605206  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103605520  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
103605695  [KO:K00312]
103605912  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103606318  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103606622  TNN; tenascin-N [KO:K06252]
103606643  TNR; tenascin-R [KO:K06252]
103606686  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
103606716  SERPINB5; serpin B5 [KO:K10139]
103607082  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
103607313  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
103607913  [KO:K11459]
103608197  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
103608309  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
103608324  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
103608346  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 [KO:K05462]
103608454  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103608491  CRK; adapter molecule crk isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
103608706  CDKN2A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
103608971  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
103609392  SOCS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
103609826  [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
103610513  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
103610609  [KO:K02539]
Reference
PMID:18817506
  Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
  Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
Reference
PMID:21402473
  Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
  Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
  Journal
Eur J Cancer 47:1127-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.008
Reference
PMID:19630570
  Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 60:167-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707
Reference
PMID:23075324
  Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
  Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
J Biomed Sci 19:90 (2012)
DOI:10.1186/1423-0127-19-90
Reference
PMID:22035854
  Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
  Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:739-48 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10243
Reference
PMID:22351564
  Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 4:143-59 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/emmm.201100209
Reference
PMID:21742789
  Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
  Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 91:827-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2010
Reference
PMID:22345301
  Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
  Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237:227-35 (2012)
DOI:10.1258/ebm.2011.011192
Reference
PMID:22580099
  Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:35-47.e2 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003
Reference
PMID:23462054
  Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
  Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
  Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
PMID:19773200
  Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:727-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
Reference
PMID:20128019
  Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
  Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:531-7 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i5.531
Reference
PMID:23165235
  Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
  Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.210
Reference
PMID:21565290
  Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
  Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:678-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.04.008
Reference
PMID:23091478
  Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
  Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:180 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00180
Reference
PMID:22926415
  Authors
Liu H
  Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 69:3587-99 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-012-1128-9
Reference
PMID:20345848
  Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
  Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 14:2240-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01058.x
Reference
PMID:23316212
  Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
  Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:310 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00310
Reference
PMID:20221895
  Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
  Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
  Journal
Pharm Res 27:1014-26 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-010-0086-x
Related
pathway
gvr05210  Colorectal cancer
gvr05214  Glioma
gvr05215  Prostate cancer
gvr05219  Bladder cancer
gvr05222  Small cell lung cancer
gvr05223  Non-small cell lung cancer
KO pathway
ko05206   

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