KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx05012
Entry
mlx05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mlx05012  Parkinson disease
mlx05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
117997460  [KO:K03671]
117997521  [KO:K11352]
117997912  [KO:K02267]
117997916  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
117998137  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
117998176  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
117998200  [KO:K03938]
117998245  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
117998425  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
117998506  [KO:K02273]
117998533  [KO:K02272]
117998612  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
117998657  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
117998734  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
117998841  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
117998878  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
117999059  [KO:K03938]
117999128  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
117999153  [KO:K00415]
117999192  [KO:K03945]
117999517  [KO:K02138]
117999554  [KO:K02266]
117999772  [KO:K03061]
117999776  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
117999803  [KO:K07374]
117999807  [KO:K07374]
117999819  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
117999859  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
117999922  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
117999966  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118000034  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
118000306  [KO:K03948]
118000336  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
118000345  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118000514  [KO:K02131]
118000578  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
118000829  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
118000847  [KO:K02128]
118000958  [KO:K03949]
118001023  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
118001049  [KO:K00236]
118001187  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
118001264  [KO:K02267]
118001313  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 isoform X1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118001326  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
118001468  [KO:K02270]
118001502  [KO:K02263]
118001601  [KO:K02137]
118001623  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
118001772  [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118001822  [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
118001885  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118001946  [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
118002128  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
118002313  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118002372  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
118002381  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
118002566  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
118002576  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
118002671  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
118002675  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
118002818  [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118002863  [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118002938  [KO:K02266]
118003073  [KO:K02267]
118003100  [KO:K02264]
118003137  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
118003203  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118003328  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
118003737  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
118004098  [KO:K02137]
118004305  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
118004315  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118004320  [KO:K03948]
118004415  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
118004416  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
118004524  [KO:K05862]
118004526  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118005000  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
118005005  [KO:K03945]
118005048  [KO:K00414]
118005070  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
118005105  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
118005112  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118005236  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
118005260  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
118005325  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
118005417  [KO:K02268]
118005507  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118005536  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
118005738  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
118005775  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
118005812  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
118005924  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
118005969  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
118005974  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
118006000  [KO:K00420]
118006049  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
118006077  [KO:K03945]
118006183  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
118006229  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
118006277  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118006598  [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118006618  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
118006627  [KO:K03945]
118006687  [KO:K03937]
118006688  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
118006728  [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118006809  [KO:K03937]
118006897  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
118007016  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118007053  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
118007173  [KO:K02927]
118007814  [KO:K02270]
118007879  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118007942  HTRA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
118008118  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
118008161  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
118008215  [KO:K02265]
118008426  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
118008635  [KO:K02270]
118008672  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
118008679  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
118008699  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
118008715  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
118008780  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
118008847  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
118008882  [KO:K07374]
118008883  [KO:K07374]
118008885  TUBA1C; tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
118008941  [KO:K03947]
118008962  [KO:K00417]
118008977  [KO:K03967]
118009132  [KO:K00417]
118009157  [KO:K03952]
118009264  [KO:K03957]
118009288  [KO:K02977]
118009417  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118009422  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118009645  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
118009656  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
118009813  [KO:K02265]
118009891  [KO:K02272]
118009917  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
118010066  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
118010074  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
118010205  [KO:K02977]
118010248  [KO:K02271]
118010255  [KO:K02273]
118010299  [KO:K02138]
118010330  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
118010368  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118010572  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118010580  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 isoform X1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
118010624  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118011073  [KO:K03948]
118011353  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
118011354  [KO:K02263]
118011488  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118011878  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
118011954  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
118012024  [KO:K07374]
118012110  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118012157  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
118012193  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
118012240  [KO:K02128]
118012283  [KO:K08738]
118012291  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
118012306  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
118012351  [KO:K02267]
118012355  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
118012403  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
118012420  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
118012462  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
118012486  [KO:K02183]
118012526  [KO:K15041]
118012585  [KO:K02132]
118013064  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
118013136  [KO:K02272]
118013193  [KO:K03947]
118013236  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
118013637  [KO:K02135]
118013652  [KO:K03948]
118013662  [KO:K02135]
118013723  [KO:K03948]
118013834  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
118014015  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118014021  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
118014029  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
118014138  [KO:K03671]
118014190  [KO:K07374]
118014290  [KO:K02136]
118014376  [KO:K02138]
118014377  [KO:K02272]
118014566  [KO:K02131]
118014709  [KO:K03064]
118014721  [KO:K00417]
118014830  [KO:K03035]
118015043  [KO:K00417]
118015199  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
118015299  [KO:K00413]
118015318  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
118015397  [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118015405  [KO:K02271]
118015655  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
118015751  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
118015834  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
118015836  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
118015844  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118015864  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118015981  [KO:K02273]
118016083  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
118016140  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016147  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016235  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
118016240  [KO:K02128]
118016431  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016456  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
118016476  [KO:K03952]
118016499  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118016568  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
118016596  [KO:K02183]
118016628  [KO:K00418]
118016634  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
118016711  [KO:K02977]
118016727  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
118016761  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
118016792  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
118016969  [KO:K02272]
118017147  [KO:K02138]
118017483  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
118017566  [KO:K03948]
118017681  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
118017695  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118017734  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952]
118017830  TXN; thioredoxin isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
118018036  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
118018060  [KO:K02131]
118018221  [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118018432  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
118018546  [KO:K02266]
118018617  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
118018636  [KO:K00419]
118018787  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
118018817  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
118018842  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
118019006  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
118019030  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
118019037  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118019227  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
118019306  [KO:K02131]
118019464  [KO:K00416]
118019470  [KO:K02977]
118019589  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
118019630  [KO:K08738]
118019658  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
118019701  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118019784  [KO:K02131]
118019915  [KO:K03948]
118019925  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118019953  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118019979  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
118019997  MFN2; mitofusin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
118020045  PARK7; Parkinson disease protein 7 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
118020131  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118020657  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
118020679  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
118020691  [KO:K02183]
118020809  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
118020828  [KO:K02131]
118020883  [KO:K08738]
118020909  [KO:K02131]
118020955  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118021036  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
118021042  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
118021108  [KO:K02128]
118021161  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
118021306  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118021333  [KO:K03937]
118021393  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118021446  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
118021524  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
118021601  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
118021620  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
118021622  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
118021697  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118021712  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
118021766  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
118021771  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118021844  [KO:K02131]
118021900  [KO:K03948]
118021903  [KO:K02183]
118021936  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
118022078  SLC39A14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 [KO:K14720]
118022199  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
118022312  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
118022338  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
118022364  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
118022663  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
118022700  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
118022759  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
118022776  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118022877  [KO:K02267]
118022879  [KO:K02270]
118022951  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118023087  [KO:K04632]
118023143  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118023337  [KO:K02128]
118023396  [KO:K07375]
118023493  [KO:K02263]
118023545  [KO:K02273]
118023608  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
118023788  [KO:K03967]
118024008  [KO:K04632]
118024010  [KO:K04632]
118024014  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
118024015  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
118024028  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118024030  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
118024289  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
118024320  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
118024353  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
118024372  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
118024383  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
118024497  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118024545  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118024594  [KO:K03945]
118024680  [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118024792  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
118024828  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118024848  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
118025000  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
118025026  [KO:K02268]
118025330  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036]
118025455  [KO:K03957]
118025506  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118025560  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
118025623  [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
118025758  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
118025829  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
118025936  [KO:K02273]
118025972  [KO:K03948]
118026049  [KO:K02271]
118026167  [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
118026254  [KO:K03965]
118026286  [KO:K03947]
118026298  [KO:K02138]
118026436  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
118026484  [KO:K02128]
118026506  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118026668  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
118026872  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
118026950  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
118026972  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
118027046  SLC39A8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
118027107  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118027177  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
118027278  [KO:K03938]
118027362  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
118027399  [KO:K07375]
118027402  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
4355864  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
4355865  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
4355866  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355867  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
4355868  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355869  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
4355870  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355871  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355872  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355873  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355874  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355875  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355876  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
  Journal
Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:27829983
  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
DOI:10.1155/2016/3472032
Reference
PMID:21674642
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/biof.159
Reference
PMID:24522549
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Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s12017-014-8294-x
Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:31054074
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
mlx00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mlx00350  Tyrosine metabolism
mlx03050  Proteasome
mlx04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mlx04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mlx04137  Mitophagy - animal
mlx04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mlx04210  Apoptosis
mlx04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system