Entry Name TNF signaling pathway - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF is assembled to a homotrimer and binds to its receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2) resulting in the trimerization of TNFR1 or TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed by nearly all cells and is the major receptor for TNF (also called TNF-alpha). In contrast, TNFR2 is expressed in limited cells such as CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, neuron subtypes, cardiac myocytes, thymocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells. It is the receptor for both TNF and LTA (also called TNF-beta). Upon binding of the ligand, TNFR mediates the association of some adaptor proteins such as TRADD or TRAF2, which in turn initiate recruitment of signal transducers. TNFR1 signaling induces activation of many genes, primarily controlled by two distinct pathways, NF-kappa B pathway and the MAPK cascade, or apoptosis and necroptosis. TNFR2 signaling activates NF-kappa B pathway including PI3K-dependent NF-kappa B pathway and JNK pathway leading to survival.
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:
oro ]
Gene 101362983 BAG4; BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09558 ]
101365120 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
101365427 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
101366831 CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724 ]
101368086 DAB2IP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: disabled homolog 2-interacting protein [KO:K19901 ]
101368122 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101368290 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X2 [KO:K03171 ]
101369401 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
101369551 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
101369627 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
101370100 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101370689 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101371488 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
101371800 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101372518 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141 ]
101374034 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101374787 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
101374813 NOD2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K10165 ]
101376293 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
101381436 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X2 [KO:K09049 ]
101381943 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101383024 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101383280 TAB3; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3 [KO:K12793 ]
101383806 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101384862 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
101385241 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101385267 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101385675 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
101385783 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101386839 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
Reference Authors Chu WM
Title Tumor necrosis factor.
Journal Reference Authors Shuh M, Bohorquez H, Loss GE Jr, Cohen AJ
Title Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Life and Death of Hepatocytes During Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
Journal Ochsner J 13:119-30 (2013)
Reference Authors MacEwan DJ
Title TNF receptor subtype signalling: differences and cellular consequences.
Journal Reference Authors Newton K, Dixit VM
Title Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Pomerantz JL, Baltimore D
Title NF-kappaB activation by a signaling complex containing TRAF2, TANK and TBK1, a novel IKK-related kinase.
Journal Reference Authors Naude PJ, den Boer JA, Luiten PG, Eisel UL
Title Tumor necrosis factor receptor cross-talk.
Journal Reference Authors Faustman D, Davis M
Title TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Chan FK, Shisler J, Bixby JG, Felices M, Zheng L, Appel M, Orenstein J, Moss B, Lenardo MJ
Title A role for tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and receptor-interacting protein in programmed necrosis and antiviral responses.
Journal Reference Authors Lee MY, Nam KH, Choi KC
Title iRhoms; Its Functions and Essential Roles.
Journal Related KO pathway
