Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:
oro ]
Gene
101377629 EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
101369428 FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497 ]
101384061 IGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin-like growth factor II [KO:K13769 ]
101386160 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359 ]
101370194 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386 ]
101365427 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
101379435 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
101365058 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
101362094 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
101378519 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
101366544 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392 ]
101383763 IL3RA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K04737 ]
101377969 CSF3R; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor [KO:K05061 ]
101383410 COL6A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238 ]
101370689 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101385241 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101385267 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101374787 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
101370100 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101371800 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101381482 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04536 ]
101378633 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537 ]
101371845 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
101369300 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
101362117 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
101366315 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
101376879 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
101369684 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
101365462 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
101363588 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
101371482 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
101370001 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
101375712 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
101379027 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101374080 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101368814 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04347 ]
101382152 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
101375999 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548 ]
101386155 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
101362272 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101374579 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
101375062 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
101384799 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
101386736 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
101365198 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B [KO:K03259 ]
101375246 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
101373572 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X1 [KO:K03258 ]
101376364 MAGI1; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05631 ]
101383629 MAGI2; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K05629 ]
101376533 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101385466 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X2 [KO:K03456 ]
101362885 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K03456 ]
101378544 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma [KO:K04354 ]
101368625 PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform [KO:K04354 ]
101382084 PPP2R2A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
101383262 PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
101374874 PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
101385495 PPP2R3C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
101382896 PPP2R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta [KO:K11583 ]
101378378 PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
101366633 PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
101378289 PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
101377743 PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
101370768 PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K11584 ]
101381301 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha-like [KO:K04079 ]
101363592 HSP90AA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha [KO:K04079 ]
101383200 CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X2 [KO:K16333 ]
101362683 PHLPP2; PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16340 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101373771 TCL1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1B [KO:K16836 ]
101381319 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
101383024 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101374034 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101368122 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101383806 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101385783 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101376293 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
101381943 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101385675 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
101384862 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
101381436 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X2 [KO:K09049 ]
101368348 MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02539 ]
101376217 induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539 ]
101371488 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
oro04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
oro04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
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