Entry
Name
MAPK signaling pathway - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:
oro ]
Gene
101378448 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
105758129 voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B-like [KO:K04849 ]
101365624 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
101383514 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
101364776 CACNA1E; voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
101364481 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
101372746 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
101383587 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
101375448 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
101385947 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
101373490 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X3 [KO:K04858 ]
101372567 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
101369586 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
101374807 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
101369484 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04862 ]
101384101 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
101372967 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
101374377 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
101385170 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
101371776 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
101380585 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
101385471 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
101385761 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
101363836 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04871 ]
101363554 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
101369649 CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
101371250 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346 ]
101379027 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101374080 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
101368814 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04347 ]
101363063 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101363831 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101385000 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101362541 RASGRF1; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 [KO:K04349 ]
101363140 RASGRF2; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 [KO:K12326 ]
101373494 RAPGEF2; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08018 ]
101377629 EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357 ]
101369428 FGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 2 [KO:K18497 ]
101384061 IGF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin-like growth factor II [KO:K13769 ]
101386160 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359 ]
101370194 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386 ]
101365427 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
101379435 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
101365058 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
101362094 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
101368122 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101386839 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
101381319 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
101369551 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
101378519 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
101366544 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392 ]
101364638 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
101368290 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X2 [KO:K03171 ]
101363951 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
101374376 GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402 ]
101374334 GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402 ]
101363875 GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402 ]
101369401 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
101369627 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
101364495 ECSIT; evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04405 ]
101362732 MAPK8IP1; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 [KO:K04434 ]
101377995 MAPK8IP2; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2 [KO:K04435 ]
101363715 MAPK8IP3; C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04436 ]
101385449 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
101378978 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
101373268 JUND; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor jun-D [KO:K04449 ]
101374034 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101370419 MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ]
101375744 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein-like [KO:K03283 ]
101371103 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
101371488 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Chen Z, Gibson TB, Robinson F, Silvestro L, Pearson G, Xu B, Wright A, Vanderbilt C, Cobb MH.
Title
MAP kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanoue T, Nishida E.
Title
Docking interactions in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dent P, Yacoub A, Fisher PB, Hagan MP, Grant S.
Title
MAPK pathways in radiation responses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF.
Title
Trk receptors: roles in neuronal signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harper SJ, LoGrasso P.
Title
Signalling for survival and death in neurones: the role of stress-activated kinases, JNK and p38.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
Neuronal p38 MAPK signalling: an emerging regulator of cell fate and function in the nervous system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang SH, Sharrocks AD, Whitmarsh AJ.
Title
Transcriptional regulation by the MAP kinase signaling cascades.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhu X, Lee HG, Raina AK, Perry G, Smith MA.
Title
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cho H, Lee J, Kwak NJ, Lee KH, Rha S, Kim YH, Cho YY, Yang KH, Kim K, Lim Y.
Title
Silica induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation through TAK1 and NIK in Rat2 cell line.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chu WM
Title
Tumor necrosis factor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Newton K, Dixit VM
Title
Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gaestel M, Kotlyarov A, Kracht M
Title
Targeting innate immunity protein kinase signalling in inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ajibade AA, Wang HY, Wang RF
Title
Cell type-specific function of TAK1 in innate immune signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner MD, Nedjai B, Hurst T, Pennington DJ
Title
Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease.
Journal
Related pathway
oro04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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